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Table 7 Coefficients estimating total life expectancy (years) – models C and D

From: Comparing efficiency of health systems across industrialized countries: a panel analysis

 

Model C

Model D

 

FE

FE full

SFA

FE

FE full

SFA

Total physicians per 1,000 capita

0.061*

0.041*

0.007

0.047

0.039*

0.008

 

(0.028)

(0.018)

(0.007)

(0.022)

(0.017)

(0.006)

YPLL from assaults per 100,000 capita

0.000

0.000

−0.000

0.001

0.000

−0.000

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

YPLL from self-harm per 100,000 capita

−0.002

0.001

−0.002

−0.002

0.001

0.000

 

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.001)

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.002)

YPLL from transportation per 100,000 capita

−0.026*

−0.013

−0.002

−0.021*

−0.013

−0.002

 

(0.009)

(0.007)

(0.001)

(0.007)

(0.008)

(0.001)

YPLL from alcohol use per 100,000 capita

−0.003*

−0.001

0.000

−0.001

−0.000

0.000

 

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.001)

Calories consumed per capita per day (adjusted for average population height in cm)

0.048

0.002

−0.012

0.065

0.009

−0.022

 

(0.025)

(0.034)

(0.012)

(0.038)

(0.034)

(0.012)

Percent of population (15 years and older) smoking daily

−0.025*

−0.004

0.002

−0.017*

−0.004

0.002

 

(0.011)

(0.006)

(0.002)

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.002)

Total (mobile + stationary) nitrogen dioxide (measured in cubic tons) per square mile of land

−0.008

0.018*

0.004

0.004

0.018*

0.003

 

(0.009)

(0.006)

(0.003)

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.003)

GDP per capita, PPP, deflated to 2005 dollars

   

0.038***

0.008

0.017**

    

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Year

      

1991

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

1992

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

1993

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

1994

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

1995

 

−0.029***

  

−0.027***

 
  

(0.004)

  

(0.005)

 

1996

 

−0.026***

  

−0.024***

 
  

(0.004)

  

(0.004)

 

1997

 

−0.023***

  

−0.022***

 
  

(0.004)

  

(0.004)

 

1998

 

−0.021***

  

−0.019***

 
  

(0.003)

  

(0.003)

 

1999

 

−0.017***

  

−0.016***

 
  

(0.003)

  

(0.003)

 

2000

 

−0.015

  

−0.014***

 
  

(0.002)

  

(0.002)

 

2001

 

−0.012

  

−0.011***

 
  

(0.001)

  

(0.002)

 

2002

 

−0.011***

  

−0.010***

 
  

(0.001)

  

(0.001)

 

2003

 

−0.010***

  

−0.009***

 
  

(0.001)

  

(0.011)

 

2004

 

−0.006***

  

−0.006***

 
  

(0.001)

  

(0.001)

 

2005

 

−0.004***

  

−0.004***

 
  

(0.001)

  

(0.001)

 

2006

 

−0.002

  

−0.002

 
  

(0.001)

  

(0.001)

 

2007

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

2008

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

2009

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

2010

 

0.000

  

0.000

 

Constant

4.579***

4.292***

 

3.952***

4.178***

 
 

(0.219)

(0.153)

 

(0.193)

(0.173)

 

Observations

133

133

133

133

133

133

Adjusted R-squared

0.890

0.946

 

0.915

0.946

 
  1. Note: FE = country fixed effects; FE Full = country and time fixed effects; SFA = stochastic frontier analysis; Smoking variable is lagged by 5 years; YPLL = Years of potential life lost; GDP = Gross Domestic Product; PPP = Purchasing Power Parities
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001