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Table 4 Factors associated with non-visiting among empty-nest elderly in Shandong, China (2012)

From: Non-use of health care service among empty-nest elderly in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Univariate model

Multivariate model

Non-user (%)

P-value

OR c a

OR c 95 % CI

P-value

OR a b

OR a 95 % CI

Predisposing factors

       

Gender

    

NAc

  

 Male

304(35.7)

 

1.0

    

 Female

385(39.3)

0.113

1.17

0.96–1.41

   

Age

    

NA

  

 60−

349(37.1)

 

1.0

    

 70−

272(39.0)

0.438

1.08

0.89–1.33

   

 80+

68(35.6)

0.698

0.94

0.68–1.30

   

Marriage status

       

 Married

540(36.5)

 

1.0

  

1.0

 

 Others

149(42.5)

0.039

1.28

1.01–1.63

0.217

1.17

0.91–1.49

Education

       

 Primary and below

519(40.6)

 

1.0

  

1.0

 

 Junior

99(35.0)

0.082

0.79

0.60–1.03

0.469

0.90

0.68–1.20

 High or above

71(26.5)

0.000

0.53

0.39–0.71

0.007

0.64

0.46–0.88

 Enabling factors

       

Residence

       

 Urban

322(31.9)

 

1.0

  

1.0

 

 Rural

367(44.7)

0.000

1.73

1.43–2.09

0.002

1.69

1.21–2.35

Living arrangements

       

 Empty-nest singles

149(42.5)

 

1.0

  

1.0

 

 Empty-nest couples

540(36.5)

0.039

0.78

0.62–0.99

0.217

1.17

0.91–1.49

Low-income household d

       

 No

613(36.4)

 

1.0

  

1.0

 

 Yes

76(51.4)

0.000

1.84

1.31–2.58

0.008

1.60

1.13–2.56

Insurance e

       

 None

37(46.8)

 

1.0

    

 MIUE

172(30.8)

0.005

0.51

0.31–0.81

0.059

0.62

0.38–1.02

 MIUR

81(32.8)

0.025

0.55

0.33–0.93

0.056

0.60

0.35–1.01

 NCMS

389(42.1)

0.414

0.83

0.52–1.31

0.022

0.54

0.32–0.92

 Others

10(47.6)

0.949

1.03

0.39–2.71

0.842

1.11

0.41–2.96

 Need factors

       

Self-rated health

    

NA

  

 Good

241(36.5)

 

1.0

    

 Moderate

280(36.8)

0.899

1.01

0.82–1.26

   

 Bad

168(41.0)

0.145

1.21

0.94–1.55

   

NCD in the past 6 months f

       

 Yes

651(36.9)

 

1.0

  

1.0

 

 No

38(57.6)

0.001

2.32

1.41–3.82

0.003

2.16

1.30–3.58

  1. aORc: crude odds ratio; bORa: adjusted odds ratio
  2. CNA: not applicable
  3. dLow income household: In Chinese, we call it “Dibaohu”, which is identified as a low-income household and subsidized by local bureau of civil affairs
  4. eMIUE: Medical insurance for urban employees scheme; MIUR: Medical insurance for urban residents scheme; NCMS: New cooperative medical scheme
  5. fNCD: Non-communicable chronic disease