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Table 7 Changes in other clinical outcomes

From: The impact of interventions on appointment and clinical outcomes for individuals with diabetes: a systematic review

 

Author

On schedule

To visit

With information

LDL (mg/dL)

SBP (mm/Hg)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Other

Int

Con

p

Int

Con

p

Int

Con

p

Int

Con

p

39

Kirsh et al. 2007 [12]

  

−16

−5.4

0.29

−14.8

−2.5

0.04

       

70

Subramanian et al. 2009 [23]

  

−6

−4

NS

1

−2

≤0.05

       

5

Benhamou et al. 2007 [63]

  

            

Glycaemia

6

Bond et al. 2006 [64]

  

            

BS

7

Bond et al. 2007 [36]

  

   

−6.8

−1

≤.010

−11.4

−5.1

≤.050

   

HDL

Wt

DBP

8

Carter et al. 2011 [37]

  

   

−7

−8

NS

      

BMI

Wt

DBP

12

Cho et al. 2009 [66] (phone)

  

NP

NA

NS

   

NP

NA

NS

NP

NA

NS

FPG

2HPMG

HDL

Cho et al. 2009 [66] (internet)

  

NP

NA

NS

   

NP

NA

NS

NP

NA

NS

FPG

2HPMG

HDL

13

Cho et al. 2011 [67]

  

      

−0.2c

NA

.043

−0.5c

NA

NS

FBG

HDL

NA

0.1c

NS

NA

−0.3c

NS

Liver enzymes

18

Dijkstra et al. 2005 [54]

  

   

1.1

−0.2

NS

-0.2c

−0.2c

NS

   

DBP

CR

24

Glasgow et al. 2003 [70] (overall)

  

−8.3

NA

≤.010

   

−11.7

NA

≤.010

−16.5

NA

≤.001

Lipid ratio

HDL

Glasgow et al. 2003 [70] (peer support)

  

            

Lipid ratio

Glasgow et al. 2003 [70] (tailored self-management)

  

            

Lipid ratio

26

Grant et al. 2008 [55]

  

NP

NP

NS

         

Blood pressure

27

Harno et al. 2006 [71]

  

−0.18c

0.11c

NP

1

1

NP

−0.21c

0.12c

NP

−0.05c

0.21c

NP

DBP

FBG

BMI

HDL

CR

32

HS Kim et al. 2005 [44] “Effects of an Internet-based Intervention…”

  

      

−13.50

NA

NS

27.30

NA

NS

FPG

2HPMG

HDL

34

HS Kim 2007 [39] “A randomized controlled trial of a nurse short-message service…”

  

            

2HPMG

FPG

35

HS Kim 2007 [40] “Impact of web-based nurse’s education…”

  

            

FPG d

2HPMG

36

HS Kim and H. Jeong 2007 [41] “A nurse short message service by cellular phone…”

  

            

2HPMG

FPG

37

HS Kim and M. Song 2008 [43] “Technological intervention for obese patients with type 2 diabetes”

  

      

−5.1

9.9

0.04

4.5

40.8

0.62

FPG

2HPMG

HDL

38

SI Kim and HS Kim 2008 [73] “Effectiveness of mobile and internet intervention…”

  

            

2HPMG

FPG

39

Kwon et al. 2004a [74]

  

      

−0.9

NA

NS

−24.4

NA

≤.007

HDL

FPG

40

Kwon et al. 2004b [45]

  

−1.93

NA

NS

   

−3.33

NA

NS

−19.5

NA

NS

HDL

NA

1.88

NS

NA

7.3

NS

NA

13.5

NS

FBG

49

McMahon et al. 2005 [78]

  

−6

−5

NS

−10

−7

≤0.01

   

−38

NA

≤0.01

DBP

NA

−2

NS

HDL

50

McMahon et al. 2012 [47] (online care)

  

−4.0

NA

0.29

−0.3

NA

0.89

−7.8

NA

0.07

−25.5

NA

0.01

DBP

HDL

Wt

BMI

McMahon et al. 2012 [47] (telephone care)

  

−5.5

NA

0.12

−6.7

NA

.006

−8.5

NA

0.05

−6.5

NA

0.68

DBP

HDL

Wt

BMI

McMahon et al. 2012 [47] (usual care with web training)

  

5.8

NA

0.12

−3.1

NA

0.30

−10.7

NA

0.02

−26.4

NA

0.08

DBP

HDL

Wt

BMI

52

Meigs et al. 2003 [49]

  

−14.7

−9.4

0.30

0.8

−2.2

0.03

      

DBP

55

Moattari et al. 2013 [80]

  

−8.2

5.1

<0.02

   

3.9

−0.8

0.69

45.3

−7.9

0.34

HDL

FBS

61

Ralston et al. 2009 [38]

  

   

NP

NP

NS

NP

NP

NS

   

DBP

62

Ryan et al. 2013 [85]

  

−15.7

NA

0.10

4.4

NA

0.30

−15.5

NA

0.14

21

NA

0.01

DBP

HDL

BMI

67

KE Smith et al. 2004 [86]

  

−18

NA

NS

−6

NA

NS

−25

NA

NS

−9

NA

NS

BMI

DBP

HDL

68

Song et al. 2009 [87]

  

            

FBG

71

Tang et al. 2013 [89]

  

−6.1

0.0

.001

−7.1

−5.3

NS

      

Wt

DBP

Framingham cardiovascular risk

73

Tildesley et al. 2010 [90]

  

      

NP

NP

S

NP

NP

S

 

76

Yoo et al. 2009 [91] “A ubiquitous chronic disease care system using cellular phones and the internet”

  

−0.4c

−0.1c

0.03

   

−0.5c

0.0c

0.01

   

Wt

BMI

−0.4c

NA

≤.001

−7

NA

≤.001

−0.5c

NA

≤.001

−0.22c

NA

≤.003

DBP

HDL

NA

−0.1c

NS

NA

−4.00

NS

NA

0.0c

NS

NA

0.08c

NS

77

Yoon and HS Kim 2008 [92]

  

      

−3.1a

29.3a

0.18

−31.1a

52.3a

0.28

2HPMG

HDL

FPG

4

Bailie et al. 2004 [62]

 

   

66e

NA

NS

      

DBP

0a

NA

NS

11

Cho et al. 2006 [57]

 

      

−0.14ac

−0.31ac

NS

−0.08ac

0.4ac

≤.050

HDL

FBG

CR

16

de Grauw et al. 2002 [19]

 

   

−3

NA

0.20

−31

NA

≤.001

−41

NA

≤.001

HDL

FBG

DBP

30

Jones and Curry 2006 [50]

 

−2.5

−5.3

NS

−1.1

−0.7

NS

      

DBP

−2.5

NA

NS

−1.1

NA

NS

Wt

NA

−5.3

0.03

NA

−0.7

NS

45

MacLean et al. 2009 [20]

 

−12.5

−13.6

NS

         

BMI

DBP

28

Holbrook et al. 2009 [28]

 

−0.05c

0.02c

NS

−4.7

0.3

0.04

      

DBP

BMI

Alb

29

Hurwitz et al. 1993 [72]

 

            

RPG

53

Meulepas et al. 2007 [30]

 

   

−5

4

≤.050

−0.4c

−0.3c

NS

−0.1c

0.1c

NS

FBG

DBP

54

Meulepas et al. 2008 [31]

 

   

4

5

NS

−0.3c

−0.3c

NS

−0.3c

−0.3c

NS

FBG

BMI

DBP

72

Thomas et al. 2007 [26]

 

−4.9

−4

0.61

−0.5

NA

NS

      

DBP

NA

1.7

NS

75

Yeh et al. 2006 [33]

 

      

−24

−22

≤.050

   

FBG

19

Edelman et al. 2010 [34]

   

−13.7a

−6.4a

0.01

      

DBP

42

Lin et al. 2007 [29]

−0.59c

NA

<0.01

−4.7

NA

NS

      

DBP

Wt

NA

−0.16c

NS

NA

1

NS

  1. Int intervention, Con Control, NA not Applicable, NS non-significant (p-value>0.05), S significant (p-value≤0.05), NP not provided
  2. Results are differences in mean before and after implementation of intervention except those indicated with the following superscripts
  3. aMultiple measurements are presented over time after the intervention in the paper, but the last measurement is used to calculate the difference in this table
  4. bMultiple measurements are presented over time after the intervention in the paper, but median change is reported
  5. cUnit is mmol/l
  6. dHbA1c<7 at baseline
  7. e% with BP < 140/90
  8. Other outcome measures include: DBP Diastolic blood pressure, CR Creatinine, Wt Weight, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, FBG Fasting blood glucose, FBS Fasting blood sugar, BS Blood sugar, 2HPMG 2-hour post-meal glucose, FBG Fasting blood glucose, RPG Random plasma glucose, Alb Albuminuria
  9. Bolded text in ‘Other’ category indicates significant finding