Early adherent (n = 17,175) | Early non-adherent (n = 23,993) | Delayed adherent (n = 13,742) | Delayed non-adherent (n = 16,649) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Utilization outcomes | |||||
Number of physical therapy visits (mean, sd) | 6.3 (7.8) | 15.8 (18.5) | 6.0 (7.2) | 13.9 (15.1) | |
Advanced imaging | 12.8% | 17.5% | 22.2% | 30.2% | |
Lumbar spinal injections | 9.2% | 11.1% | 14.8% | 17.6% | |
Lumbar spine surgery | 2.1% | 2.4% | 3.3% | 3.9% | |
Opioid medication use | 60.4% | 62.2% | 71.1% | 71.6% | |
Costs incurred over the 24 month period (mean, standard error) | |||||
Prescription medication cost | $905.79 (29.08) | $1,281.43 (28.61) | $862.57 (26.06) | $1,167.58 (25.88) | |
Inpatient costs | $10,510.57 (324.10) | $10,547.58 (328.83) | $13,075.45 (541.37) | $12,352.16 (380.62) | |
Total LBP costs | $1,914.26 (30.92) | $2,232.00 (29.62) | $3,067.57 (54.96) | $3,456.39 (49.43) | |
Non‐LBP healthcare costs | $8,787.95 (112.26) | $8,866.12 (100.89) | $9,906.42 (145.07) | $9,576.34 (110.02) |