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Table 4 Utilization and costs outcomes occurring over the 2-year follow-up period for the entire sample and based on the combined categories of timing and adherence of physical therapy

From: Implications of early and guideline adherent physical therapy for low back pain on utilization and costs

 

Early adherent (n = 17,175)

Early non-adherent (n = 23,993)

Delayed adherent (n = 13,742)

Delayed non-adherent (n = 16,649)

Utilization outcomes

    

Number of physical therapy visits (mean, sd)

6.3 (7.8)

15.8 (18.5)

6.0 (7.2)

13.9 (15.1)

Advanced imaging

12.8%

17.5%

22.2%

30.2%

Lumbar spinal injections

9.2%

11.1%

14.8%

17.6%

Lumbar spine surgery

2.1%

2.4%

3.3%

3.9%

Opioid medication use

60.4%

62.2%

71.1%

71.6%

Costs incurred over the 24 month period (mean, standard error)

 

Prescription medication cost

$905.79 (29.08)

$1,281.43 (28.61)

$862.57 (26.06)

$1,167.58 (25.88)

Inpatient costs

$10,510.57 (324.10)

$10,547.58 (328.83)

$13,075.45 (541.37)

$12,352.16 (380.62)

Total LBP costs

$1,914.26 (30.92)

$2,232.00 (29.62)

$3,067.57 (54.96)

$3,456.39 (49.43)

Non‐LBP healthcare costs

$8,787.95 (112.26)

$8,866.12 (100.89)

$9,906.42 (145.07)

$9,576.34 (110.02)