Inefficiency, heterogeneity and spillover effects in maternal care in India: a spatial stochastic frontier analysis

Table 1 List of variables and corresponding descriptive statistics, India, 2007-08

Variable:			Descriptive statistics
Description	Type	Code	Mean	Standard deviation
Institutional delivery rate (%)	Output	Y	50.34	23.70
Number of facilities per 1000 sq km	Input	x ₁	0.016	0.023
Facilities having Medical Officer/Obstetrician/Gynecologist (%)	Input	x ₂	28.62	20.82
Facilities received untied funding in previous financial year (%)	Input	x ₃	74.87	22.54
Facilities with selected basic amenities (%)	Input	x ₄	35.01	17.03
Population in lowest wealth quintile (%)	Exogenous	z ₁	18.92	17.33
Population residing in urban areas (%)	Exogenous	z ₂	25.25	17.55
Population literate age 7+ years (%)	Exogenous	z ₃	70.63	10.56
Districts in ‘backward state’ (%)	Heterogeneity	H ₁	41.58	49.33
Number of districts covered*				499
Contiguity-matrix used for creating lag variables**
Total links (number)				3222
Minimum links (number)				0
Average links (number)				5.42
Maximum links (number)				10

Note: *Total number differs from those reported in DHLS – 3 because ours is restricted only to districts with complete information on all variables needed for the analysis in the paper. See the Chorpleth map in Figures 1 and 2 for districts with missing data. **The matrix was based on publically available ‘shape (or co-ordinates) file containing the polygon information for each district in the country.

ISSN: 1472-6963