Use of GP services by patients with schizophrenia: a national cross-sectional register-based study

Table 3 Association between the use of GP services and characteristics of patients and GP practices

Patient groups	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	Schizophrenia	Diabetes	Whole population
	(N =7,933)	(N = 44,732)	(N = 1,815,555)
*Patient factors*
Patient male	−492.62***	−437.84***	−365.04***
Patient age, years	−22.30***	2.40	0.67***
Year with the same regular GP	−46.42*	−35.45***	−19.50***
*Comorbidity*
Diabetes mellitus	1398.68***	--	1118.31***
Obstructive lung disease	1699.17***	893.36***	665.70***
Hypertension	482.67**	253.51***	400.25***
Cardiovascular disease	863.14*	734.90***	862.16***
*GP and list characteristics*
GP male	145.33	17.33	36.47***
GP age, years	- 5.21	−2.30	0.18
List size (per 100 patients)	−36.22*	−7.91	−4.52***
List open to new patients	−168.48	121.26**	11.27
GP’s proportion of consultations with a psychological diagnosis, per percentage point	114.68***	35.31***	19.04***
*Size of practice municipality*
> 50,000 inhabitants	Ref	Ref	Ref
20–50,000 inhabitants	7.37	51.90	33.33***
10–20 000 Inhabitants	807.58***	205.11***	72.72***
< 10,000 inhabitants	1047.55***	97.38*	69.72***

Association between GP services utilisation estimated by fee-for-service (FFS) per patient in 2009 and characteristics of patients, GPs, GP practices, and practice municipality for patients aged 25–60 with schizophrenia or diabetes, and the whole population. Two-part regression models, presenting marginal effects in Norwegian Kroner (NOK), adjusted for being a specialist in family medicine (higher fees). For the population included in the regression analyses the mean annual FFS was 2,732 NOK for patients with schizophrenia, 1,963 NOK for patients with DM and 653 NOK for the whole population.
Data from 3220 Norwegian GPs, criteria for inclusion are given in Table 2.
*p < 0.05 **p < 0.005 ***p < 0.001.