Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health and wellbeing characteristics of participants stratified by diabetes status

Gender

<0.001

Male

13,393

56.3

108,589

45.3

Female

10,386

43.7

131,114

54.7

Age group (years)

<0.001

45-59

6,698

28.2

115,733

48.3

60-74

11,143

46.9

86,102

35.9

≥75

5,935

25.0

37,850

15.8

<0.001

<5

7,205

30.3

N/A

5-9

5,670

23.8

N/A

10-14

3,933

16.5

N/A

≥15

4,914

20.7

N/A

Country of birth

<0.001

Australia

17,020

71.6

180,474

75.3

Overseas

6,759

28.4

59,229

24.7

Socioeconomic status

Education

<0.001

University

3,688

15.5

57,312

23.9

Trade/Certificate/Diploma

7,178

30.2

76,648

32.0

At least year 10

7,964

33.5

75,707

31.6

Less than Year 10

4,379

18.4

26,302

11.0

<0.001

≥$70,000

2,965

12.5

59,4166

24.8

$40,000-$69,999

3,191

13.4

43,588

18.2

$20,000-$39,999

4,536

19.1

41,579

17.4

<$20,000

7,585

31.9

43,937

18.3

SEIFA IRSD (quintiles)

<0.001

(least disadvantaged) 1^st

3,597

15.1

51,117

21.3

2^nd

4,148

17.4

44,285

18.5

3^rd

6,633

27.9

63,680

26.6

4^th

5,778

24.3

54,034

22.5

(most disadvantaged) 5^th

3,611

15.2

26,383

11.0

ARIA+

0.2

Major City

10,769

45.3

107,637

44.9

Inner Regional

8,335

35.1

84,351

35.2

Outer regional/Remote

4,665

19.6

47,524

19.8

Lifestyle risk factors

Tobacco smoking status

<0.001

Never smoked

11,833

49.8

136,842

57.1

Ex-smoker

10,219

43.0

84,866

35.4

Current

1,726

7.3

17,987

7.5

<0.001

0

11,073

46.6

74,732

31.2

1-6

5,783

24.3

69,818

29.1

7-13

2,947

12.4

45,951

19.2

14-20

1,846

7.8

26,881

11.2

≥20

1,445

6.1

18,308

7.6

BMI (kg/ m ² )

<0.001

Normal weight (<25)

4,546

19.1

88,806

37.1

Overweight (25–29)

8,083

34.0

88,255

36.8

Obese (≥30)

9,406

39.6

47,087

19.6

Physical activity **

<0.001

Sedentary

3,084

13.0

18,191

7.6

Insufficient

5,043

21.2

41,679

17.4

Sufficient

13,459

56.6

165,857

69.2

Health status

<0.001

0

9,788

41.2

131,208

54.7

1

7,632

32.1

68,868

28.7

2

3743

15.7

28,131

11.7

≥3

2616

11.0

11,496

4.8

Heart disease

<0.001

No

18,228

76.7

214,275

89.4

Yes

5,551

23.3

25,428

10.6

High blood pressure

<0.001

No

13,092

55.1

186,431

77.8

Yes

10,687

45.0

53,272

22.2

Hyperlipidaemia

<0.001

No

16,267

68.4

207,375

86.5

Yes

7,512

31.6

32,328

13.5

Depression

<0.001

No

16,720

70.3

174,994

73.0

Yes

4,262

17.9

33,874

14.1

Anxiety

<0.001

No

18,248

76.7

185,358

77.3

Yes

2,734

11.5

23,510

9.8

<0.001

No (100)

3,643

15.3

75,231

31.4

Minor (90–99)

4,615

19.4

61,299

25.6

Moderate (60–89)

6,385

26.8

50,387

21.0

Severe (0–59)

6,866

28.9

29,032

12.1

<0.001

Low (10–15)

13,934

58.6

165,517

69.1

Moderate (11–21)

3,491

14.7

33,362

13.9

High (22–29)

1,505

6.3

11,063

4.6

Very high (30–50)

797

3.4

4,307

1.8

<0.001

Excellent/Very good

5,910

24.9

127,369

53.1

Good

9,638

40.5

76,297

31.8

Fair/poor

7,422

31.2

27,847

11.6

Self-rated quality of life

<0.001

Excellent/Very good

9,082

38.2

144,058

60.1

Good

8,482

35.7

62,099

25.9

Fair/poor

4,820

20.7

21,187

8.8