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Table 3 Bivariate analysis of US adults with a diagnosis of chronic pain and an opioid prescription as dependent variable by covariates

From: Opioid prescribing patterns for non-malignant chronic pain for rural versus non-rural US adults: a population-based study using 2010 NAMCS data

Variable

Factor

Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Patient sex (vs. Male)

Female

1.107 (1.104, 1.109)

Patient Race/Ethnicity (vs. Non-Caucasian)

Caucasian

.643 (.642, .644)

Education percent university graduate in patient zip code (vs. > = 20% )

<20%

1.010 (1.008, 1.012)

Poverty percent in patient zip code (vs. > = 10%)

<10%

1.036 (1.034, 1.037)

Health Insurance status (vs. Do Not Have Health Insurance)

Have Health Insurance

1.010 (1.006, 1.014)

Primary HCP visit (vs. No)

Yes

1.192 (1.190, 1.194)

Patient now has arthritis (vs. Yes)

No

.885 (.883, .886)

Patient now has depression (vs. Yes)

No

1.299 (1.295, 1.302)

Geographic local (vs. Non-Rural)

Rural

1.515 (1.513, 1.518)

Variable

Factors

%

Significance

Patient age range

18-39

6.1

< .001

40-64

43.6

> = 65

50.3

  1. 2010 NAMCS (weighted n =9,325,603).