From: Characteristics of unit-level patient safety culture in hospitals in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Sub-dimensions | All respondents | General ward | Administration unit | Physicians’ unit¶ | Outpatient unit | Long-term care ward | Critical care centre, ICU or CCU | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n =8,700) | (n =2,279) | (n =1,017) | (n =777) | (n =548) | (n =364) | (n =364) | |||||||||||||||
Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | |
Frequency of events reported | 1.36 | (1.19-1.56) | <0.01 † | 1.19 | (0.87-1.64) | 0.27 | 1.41 | (0.68-2.91) | 0.35 | 0.81 | (0.50-1.31) | 0.39 | 0.47 | (0.15-1.46) | 0.19 | 0.70 | (0.18-2.71) | 0.61 | 1.10 | (0.46-2.65) | 0.83 |
Overall perceptions of patient safety | 1.39 | (1.14-1.70) | <0.01 † | 1.52 | (0.97-2.39) | 0.07 | 1.61 | (0.55-4.73) | 0.39 | 1.30 | (0.65-2.61) | 0.46 | 0.78 | (0.16-3.77) | 0.76 | 0.50 | (0.04-5.80) | 0.58 | 4.57 | (1.36-15.32) | 0.01 † |
Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety | 1.54 | (1.26-1.88) | <0.01 † | 2.30 | (1.45-3.64) | <0.01 † | 0.63 | (0.20-1.97) | 0.42 | 2.13 | (1.06-4.27) | 0.03 † | 0.68 | (0.15-3.08) | 0.61 | 27.08 | (2.74-267.32) | 0.01 † | 1.71 | (0.53-5.48) | 0.37 |
Organisational learning - continuous improvement | 1.20 | (1.00-1.43) | 0.05 | 1.21 | (0.81-1.82) | 0.36 | 1.69 | (0.66-4.32) | 0.27 | 0.79 | (0.42-1.50) | 0.47 | 1.21 | (0.30-4.80) | 0.79 | 16.64 | (1.41-196.24) | 0.03 † | 0.83 | (0.27-2.59) | 0.75 |
Teamwork within hospital units | 1.79 | (1.49-2.16) | <0.01 † | 2.12 | (1.37-3.29) | <0.01 † | 2.98 | (0.99-9.00) | 0.05 | 1.59 | (0.78-3.24) | 0.20 | 1.47 | (0.37-5.91) | 0.58 | 0.27 | (0.04-2.04) | 0.21 | 1.79 | (0.58-5.54) | 0.31 |
Communication openness | 1.16 | (0.97-1.39) | 0.10 | 0.89 | (0.59-1.34) | 0.58 | 1.42 | (0.56-3.60) | 0.46 | 1.15 | (0.61-2.17) | 0.68 | 0.58 | (0.15-2.21) | 0.42 | 1.77 | (0.31-10.29) | 0.52 | 0.32 | (0.1-1.04) | 0.06 |
Feedback and communication about error | 1.47 | (1.23-1.75) | <0.01 † | 1.62 | (1.07-2.45) | 0.02 † | 2.05 | (0.80-5.31) | 0.14 | 1.81 | (0.95-3.46) | 0.07 | 6.35 | (1.55-26.09) | 0.01 † | 1.02 | (0.14-7.53) | 0.98 | 4.75 | (1.61-13.98) | 0.01 † |
Non-punitive response to error | 1.20 | (1.02-1.41) | 0.03 † | 1.66 | (1.13-2.43) | 0.01 † | 3.81 | (1.61-8.99) | <0.01 † | 0.83 | (0.47-1.48) | 0.52 | 2.73 | (0.70-10.57) | 0.15 | 0.43 | (0.09-2.14) | 0.30 | 0.89 | (0.33-2.42) | 0.82 |
Staffing | 1.32 | (1.07-1.62) | 0.01 † | 2.02 | (1.19-3.43) | 0.01 † | 0.37 | (0.13-1.10) | 0.07 | 1.29 | (0.61-2.73) | 0.50 | 4.72 | (1.01-22.21) | 0.05 † | 1.30 | (0.14-12.23) | 0.82 | 9.28 | (2.24-38.37) | <0.01 † |
Hospital management support for patient safety | 1.50 | (1.25-1.80) | <0.01 † | 1.35 | (0.90-2.04) | 0.15 | 1.58 | (0.61-4.13) | 0.35 | 1.94 | (0.99-3.79) | 0.05 | 0.61 | (0.15-2.45) | 0.48 | 0.99 | (0.15-6.72) | 0.99 | 1.23 | (0.39-3.93) | 0.72 |
Teamwork across hospital units | 1.08 | (0.88-1.32) | 0.47 | 0.65 | (0.41-1.04) | 0.07 | 1.70 | (0.61-4.75) | 0.31 | 1.14 | (0.57-2.27) | 0.71 | 1.67 | (0.36-7.83) | 0.52 | 1.28 | (0.18-9.23) | 0.81 | 1.34 | (0.39-4.6) | 0.64 |
Hospital handoffs and transitions | 0.72 | (0.61-0.86) | <0.01 † | 0.71 | (0.48-1.05) | 0.09 | 0.47 | (0.19-1.15) | 0.10 | 2.18 | (1.18-4.05) | 0.01 † | 0.62 | (0.15-2.57) | 0.51 | 1.76 | (0.27-11.68) | 0.56 | 0.51 | (0.17-1.49) | 0.22 |