From: Characteristics of unit-level patient safety culture in hospitals in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Number of units | The odds ratios for classification as high-PSC units‡ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1: High-PSC units | Cluster 2: Low-PSC units | Total | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | ||
(n =184) | (n =256) | (n =440) | |||||
Location of hospital | Urban area | 128 | 163 | 291 | 1.00 | ||
Rural area | 56 | 93 | 149 | 1.12 | (0.44-2.89) | 0.81 | |
Type of hospital | Acute care | 170 | 214 | 384 | 1.00 | ||
Long-term care or mixed-care | 14 | 42 | 56 | 0.88 | (0.20-3.98) | 0.87 | |
Number of beds | <200 beds | 22 | 53 | 75 | 1.00 | ||
200-500 beds | 79 | 120 | 199 | 0.81 | (0.19-3.45) | 0.77 | |
≥500 beds | 83 | 83 | 166 | 1.20 | (0.22-6.71) | 0.83 | |
Unit type | General ward | 46 | 47 | 93 | 1.00 | ||
Obstetrics and gynaecology ward, perinatal ward or NICU | 10 | 1 | 11 | 9.71 | (1.17-80.74) | 0.04 † | |
Operating room | 6 | 4 | 10 | 1.76 | (0.45-6.87) | 0.42 | |
Clinical laboratory or physiology unit | 10 | 7 | 17 | 1.47 | (0.50-4.31) | 0.48 | |
Outpatient unit | 11 | 8 | 19 | 1.44 | (0.52-4.00) | 0.48 | |
Physicians' unit¶ | 36 | 31 | 67 | 1.16 | (0.60-2.26) | 0.66 | |
Critical care centre, ICU or CCU | 6 | 5 | 11 | 1.10 | (0.31-3.98) | 0.88 | |
Paediatric ward | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1.06 | (0.20-5.72) | 0.94 | |
Dietary unit | 6 | 10 | 16 | 0.66 | (0.21-2.07) | 0.47 | |
Others | 26 | 45 | 71 | 0.61 | (0.32-1.18) | 0.14 | |
Dialysis unit | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0.57 | (0.10-3.36) | 0.53 | |
Pharmaceutical unit | 4 | 9 | 13 | 0.49 | (0.14-1.77) | 0.28 | |
Clinical radiology unit | 3 | 7 | 10 | 0.48 | (0.11-2.02) | 0.32 | |
Administration unit | 11 | 46 | 57 | 0.26 | (0.12-0.56) | <0.01 † | |
Rehabilitation unit | 2 | 14 | 16 | 0.16 | (0.03-0.79) | 0.02 † | |
Long-term care ward | 2 | 15 | 17 | 0.15 | (0.03-0.83) | 0.03 † |