Skip to main content

Table 2 Classification of the two clusters and odds ratios for categorisation as a high-PSC unit

From: Characteristics of unit-level patient safety culture in hospitals in Japan: a cross-sectional study

  

Number of units

The odds ratios for classification as high-PSC units

Cluster 1: High-PSC units

Cluster 2: Low-PSC units

Total

Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

  

(n =184)

(n =256)

(n =440)

   

Location of hospital

Urban area

128

163

291

1.00

  

Rural area

56

93

149

1.12

(0.44-2.89)

0.81

Type of hospital

Acute care

170

214

384

1.00

  

Long-term care or mixed-care

14

42

56

0.88

(0.20-3.98)

0.87

Number of beds

<200 beds

22

53

75

1.00

  

200-500 beds

79

120

199

0.81

(0.19-3.45)

0.77

≥500 beds

83

83

166

1.20

(0.22-6.71)

0.83

Unit type

General ward

46

47

93

1.00

  

Obstetrics and gynaecology ward, perinatal ward or NICU

10

1

11

9.71

(1.17-80.74)

0.04

Operating room

6

4

10

1.76

(0.45-6.87)

0.42

Clinical laboratory or physiology unit

10

7

17

1.47

(0.50-4.31)

0.48

Outpatient unit

11

8

19

1.44

(0.52-4.00)

0.48

Physicians' unit

36

31

67

1.16

(0.60-2.26)

0.66

Critical care centre, ICU or CCU

6

5

11

1.10

(0.31-3.98)

0.88

Paediatric ward

3

3

6

1.06

(0.20-5.72)

0.94

Dietary unit

6

10

16

0.66

(0.21-2.07)

0.47

Others

26

45

71

0.61

(0.32-1.18)

0.14

Dialysis unit

2

4

6

0.57

(0.10-3.36)

0.53

Pharmaceutical unit

4

9

13

0.49

(0.14-1.77)

0.28

Clinical radiology unit

3

7

10

0.48

(0.11-2.02)

0.32

Administration unit

11

46

57

0.26

(0.12-0.56)

<0.01

Rehabilitation unit

2

14

16

0.16

(0.03-0.79)

0.02

Long-term care ward

2

15

17

0.15

(0.03-0.83)

0.03

  1. PSC: Patient Safety Culture; CI: Confidence Interval; NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; CCU: Coronary Care Unit.
  2. Physicians do not usually work in a single section, but are included in the physicians' unit.
  3. Results of the generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) using unit-level data. The reference category was low-PSC units. The differences between hospitals were included in the GLMM as random effects. The predictive value of classification using the GLMM was 68.6%.
  4. P <0.05.