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Table 2 Adjusted odds of limited literacy for 909 adults with diabetes

From: Relationship of literacy and heart failure in adults with diabetes

 

Adjusted for social and economic factors

Adjusted for all covariates

Characteristic

Odds Ratio (CI)

P

Odds Ratio (CI)

P

Heart Failure

1.55 (1.00, 2.41)

0.05

1.31 (0.82–2.08)

0.26

Age ≥ 65 years

3.45 (2.19, 5.44)

<0.001

3.51 (2.18–5.63)

<0.001

Male sex

1.77 (1.17, 2.66)

0.01

1.60 (1.04–2.46)

0.03

White race

0.48 (0.16, 1.41)

0.18

0.45 (0.14–1.43)

0.18

<High School Education

  

5.04 (3.31–7.69)

<0.001

Income < $30,000 per year

5.17 (2.98, 8.95)

<0.001

2.85 (1.59–5.13)

<0.001

Married or living as married

1.00 (0.66, 1.52)

0.98

0.94 (0.61–1.46)

0.79

No health insurance

0.83 (0.18–3.85)

0.81

0.75 (0.15–3.71)

0.72

  1. CI = 95% confidence interval. Limited Literacy includes those with Short Test of Functional Health Literacy Score < 23, blind or otherwise unable to complete the test.