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Table 5 Factors associated with a high burden of travel for medical/dental care, separate logistic regression analyses, NHTS 2001.

From: Effects of residence and race on burden of travel for care: cross sectional analysis of the 2001 US National Household Travel Survey

 

Travel of 30 miles or more a

Travel of 30 minutes or more b

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Characteristics of Traveler

    

Residence

    

   Rural

2.67**

1.39, 5.15

1.80*

1.09, 2.99

   Urban (ref)

---

---

---

---

Race

    

   White (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Black

1.03

0.53, 2.02

3.04***

2.00, 4.62

   Hispanic

2.45

0.51, 11.77

1.23

0.56, 2.69

   Other

1.90

0.69, 5.19

1.64*

1.07, 2.51

Age

    

   0~25

1.32

0.73, 2.36

0.95

0.70, 1.31

   26~50 (ref)

---

---

---

---

   51~75

1.31

0.73, 2.35

1.05

0.79, 1.40

   76~100

1.59

0.68, 3.69

1.18

0.77, 1.83

Sex

    

   Male (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Female

1.08

0.80, 1.46

0.83

0.68, 1.00

Education

    

   High School or Lower

1.10

0.59, 2.04

0.94

0.71, 1.24

   College (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Graduate School

0.63

0.25, 1.61

0.95

0.60, 1.51

   Not Ascertained

0.65

0.15, 2.78

0.63

0.32, 1.27

Medical Condition that Limits Driving

    

   Yes (ref)

---

---

---

---

   No

0.64

0.39, 1.04

0.82

0.60, 1.11

Occupation of Head of Household

    

   Sales or Service (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Clerical or Administrative Support

0.52

0.19, 1.39

1.11

0.71, 1.71

   Manufacturing, Construction, Maintenance, or Farming

1.23

0.47, 3.26

0.84

0.49, 1.45

   Professional, Managerial or Technical

1.02

0.48, 2.17

1.25

0.85, 1.86

   Other

0.84

0.46, 1.55

1.20

0.85, 1.70

Household Income

    

   < $20,000 (ref)

---

---

---

---

   >$20,000 and < $44,999

1.18

0.54, 2.61

0.97

0.65, 1.45

   >$45,000 and < $69,999

0.90

0.43, 1.87

0.78

0.52, 1.16

   >$70,000

1.17

0.51, 2.69

0.68

0.42, 1.09

   Not Ascertained

0.30

0.09, 0.93

0.89

0.53, 1.51

Family Size

    

   < = 2 Family Members (ref)

---

---

---

---

   3 Family Members

0.98

0.46, 2.10

0.96

0.64, 1.45

   4 Family Members

0.80

0.39, 1.63

1.02

0.67, 1.54

   >4 Family Members

1.29

0.62, 2.68

1.44

0.96, 2.18

Characteristics of Trip

    

Mode of Travel

    

   Personal Vehicle (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Public/Walk/Other

0.40

0.13, 1.26

2.22***

1.42, 3.46

Day of Week

    

   Business Day (Monday- Friday) (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Weekend (Saturday-Sunday)

1.43

0.88, 2.34

1.16

0.85, 1.59

Time of Day

    

   Midnight – 8 am

2.54*

1.12, 5.78

1.86*

1.12, 3.10

   Business Hours (8 am – 5 pm) (ref)

---

---

---

---

   5 pm – midnight

0.20***

0.09, 0.43

0.71

0.31, 1.61

Characteristics of Community

    

Traffic Condition

    

   Yes (ref)

---

---

---

---

   No

0.83

0.58, 1.20

0.81

0.64, 1.02

Region

    

   Northeast (ref)

---

---

---

---

   South

0.98

0.47, 2.06

1.24

0.87, 1.78

   Midwest

1.46

0.76, 2.80

1.38

0.97, 1.95

   West

2.11

0.88, 5.05

1.40

0.98, 2.00

Job Density

    

   Low (ref)

---

---

---

---

   Median

0.52

0.23, 1.16

0.94

0.58, 1.53

   High

0.49

0.20, 1.19

0.86

0.50, 1.46

   Very High

0.19**

0.07, 0.52

0.62

0.37, 1.03

  1. a Model Statistics for distance traveled: R2 = 0.0899.
  2. b Model Statistics for time spent in travel: R2 = 0.0817
  3. * p > 0.05. ** p > 0.01. *** p > 0.001.
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BMC Health Services Research

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