From: Comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus: impact on medical health care utilization
DM-related comorbidity | Heart diseases (n = 1,096) | Stroke (n = 218) | Retinopathy (n = 63) | Nephropathy (n = 57) | Diabetic Foot (n = 204) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% |
GP care | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No. of visits to GP (β) | 5.2 | (4.74, 5.73) | 3.4 | (2.4, 4.4) | 3.20 | (1.37, 5.04) | 5.6 | (3.7, 7.6) | 8.46 | (7.42, 9.48) |
% patients with prescriptions (OR) | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â |
No. of prescriptions (β) | 12.8 | (11.52, 14.1) | 4.1 | (1.6, 6.7) | 5.62 | (0.90, 10.36) | 12.1 | (7.2, 17.0) | 20.88 | (18.23, 23.54) |
Ambulatory medical specialist care†|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% of patients with consultations (OR) | 1.7 | (1.5, 2.1) | 2.0 | (1.5, 2.9) | 1.4 | (0.8, 2.7) | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.9) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.5) |
No. of consultations (β) | 0.4 | (0.3, 0.4) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.6) | -0.2 | (-0.1, 0.5) | -0.1 | (-0.5, 0.2) | 0.0 | (-0.2, 0.2) |
Hospital care | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
% patients with admission (OR) | 2.6 | (2.2, 3.2) | 2.8 | (2.0, 4.1) | 1.9 | (1.00, 3.7) | 0.9 | (0.4, 1.9) | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.1) |
No. of hospital admissions (β) | 0.4 | (0.3, 0.4) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.5) | 0.3 | (0.1, 0.6) | 0.2 | (-0.1, 0.4) | 0.1 | (-0.0, 0.2) |
Average length of stay (β) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.1) | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.0) | 0.7 | (-0.2, 1.6) | -0.2 | (-1.1,0.7) | 0.8 | (0.3, 1.3) |
Total hospital days (β) | 3.1 | (2.5, 3.7) | 3.3 | (2.1, 4.4) | 2.1 | (0.0, 4.3) | 0.8 | (-1.5, 3.1) | 2.4 | (1.2, 3.6) |
Non DM-related comorbidity | Depression (n = 295) | Neurological diseases (n = 69) | Musculoskeletal Diseases (n = 1,722) | Lung Diseases (n = 531) | Cancer (n = 206) | |||||
 | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% |
GP care | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No. of visits to GP (β) | 6.8 | (5.9, 7.6) | 4.1 | (2.4, 5.9) | 4.1 | (3.7, 4.5) | 5.3 | (4.6, 5.9) | 5.9 | (4.9, 6.9) |
% patients with prescriptions (OR) | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â |
No. of prescriptions (β) | 12.9 | (10.6, 15.1) | 8.0 | (3.5, 12.5) | 4.2 | (3.2, 5.3) | 15.3 | (13.6, 17.0) | 3.4 | (0.8, 6.1) |
Ambulatory medical specialist care†|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% of patients with consultations (OR) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.5) | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.8) | 3.6 | (3.1, 4.1) | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.5) | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) |
No. of consultation by specialist (β) | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.3) | 0.1 | (-0.2, 0.3) | 0.6 | (0.6, 0.7) | 0.3 | (0.2, 0.4) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.5) |
Hospital care | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
% patients with admission (OR) | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) | 1.5 | (0.8, 2.9) | 3.8 | (3.2, 4.4) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.6) | 1.8 | (1.2, 2.7) |
No. of hospital admissions (β) | 0.1 | (0.0, 0.2) | 0.0 | (-0.3, 0.2) | 0.3 | (0.3, 0.4) | 0.1 | (0.1, 0.2) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.5) |
Average length of stay (β) | 0.5 | (0.1, 0.9) | 0.5 | (-0.3, 1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.1) | 0.4 | (0.0, 0.7) | 0.5 | (0.0,1.0) |
Total hospital days (β) | 1.5 | (0.5, 2.6) | 0.1 | (-1.9, 2.2) | 2.3 | (1.8, 2.7) | 1.47 | (0.7, 2.2) | 2.4 | (1.2, 3.6) |