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Table 3 Frequencies and percentages for explanatory variables

From: Determinants of health insurance ownership among South African women

Variables

With insurance: frequency (%)[N = 1044)

Without insurance: frequency (%) [N = 2445]

Chi-square (p-value)

Health rating: 1 = Excellent/very good/good

435 (41.67)

1238 (50.63)

23.57 (p < 0.0001)

0 = Fair and poor

609 (58.33)

1207 (49.37)

 

Environment rating: 1 = Good/very good/Excellent living environment

491 (47.03)

1580 (64.62)

93.843959 (P < 0.0001)

0 = Fair or poor

553 (52.97)

865 (35.38)

 

Residence: 1 = Formal city dwellings + white farms

995 (95.31)

1625 (66.46)

325.45 (P < 0.0001)

0 = Informal dwellings +"former homelands"

49 (4.69)

820 (33.54)

 

Income (in Rand): No regular income

137 (13.12)

275 (11.25)

1238.93 (P < 0.0001)

1 – 950

100 (9.58)

1497 (61.23)

 

951 – 1900

179 (17.15)

435 (17.79)

 

1901 – 3800

317 (30.36)

191 (7.81)

 

3801 – 7600

223 (21.36)

38 (1.55)

 

7600 +

88 (8.43)

9 (0.37)

 

Education: 1 = Matriculation (standard 10) and above

566 (54.21)

2205 (90.18)

579.15 (P < 0.0001)

0 = Below matriculation

478 (45.79)

240 (9.82)

 

Age (in years): 16 – 25

128 (12.26)

328 (13.42)

16.53 (P = 0.0024)

26 – 35

299 (28.64)

666 (27.24)

 

36 – 45

284 (27.20)

586 (23.97)

 

46 – 55

189 (18.10)

404 (16.52)

 

56 and above

143 (13.70)

461 (18.85)

 

Race: 1 = African, Coloured & Indian

947 (90.71)

1981 (81.02)

50.87 (P < 0.0001)

0 = White

97 (9.29)

464 (18.98)

 

Household size: 1 – 4 household members

647 (61.97)

1043 (42.66)

123.30 (P < 0.0001)

5 – 8

351 (33.62)

1114 (45.56)

 

9 – 12

41 (3.93)

240 (9.82)

 

13 and above

5 (0.48)

48 (1.96)

 

Occupation: 0 = White-collar worker

326 (31.23)

168 (6.87)

357.05 (P < 0.0001)

1 = Blue-collar worker

718 (68.77)

2277 (93.13)

 

Employment status: 1 = Involuntarily unemployed

967 (92.62)

1933 (79.06)

95.94 (P < 0.0001)

0 = Voluntarily unemployed or employed

77 (7.38)

512 (20.94)

 

Smoking: 1 = If a cigarette smoker

292 (27.97)

607 (24.83)

3.78 (P = 0.0519)

0 = Not a cigarette smoker

752 (72.03)

1838 (75.17)

 

Alcohol use: 1 = Alcohol drinker

148 (14.18)

276 (11.29)

5.71 (P = 0.0168)

0 = Not alcohol drinker

896 (85.82)

2169 (88.71)

 

Contraceptive use: 0 = Uses contraceptives

213 (20.40)

399 (16.32)

8.43 (P = 0.0037)

1 = Does not use contraceptives

831 (79.60)

2046 (83.68)

 

Marital status: 1 = Married

627 (60.06)

1144 (46.79)

51.53 (P < 0.0001)

0 = Single, separated, divorced

417 (39.94)

1301 (53.21)