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Table 1 Characteristics of diabetic subjects according smoking status. Figures are frequencies (percent of row total).

From: Cigarette smoking, health status, socio-economic status and access to health care in diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey

  

Never smoked (968)

Current smoker (296)

Ex-smoker (582)

All

P valuea

Sex

Men

374 (40)

166 (18)

361 (39)

928

<0.001

 

Women

594 (61)

130 (13)

221 (23)

971

 

Age Group (Years)

     
 

< 45

117 (53)

60 (27)

42 (19)

219

<0.001

 

45–54

126 (57)

49 (22)

45 (20)

221

 
 

55–64

281 (54)

78 (15)

151 (29)

520

 
 

65–74

263 (47)

78 (14)

200 (36)

556

 
 

≥ 75

158 (48)

25 (8)

134 (41)

326

 
 

Not known

23 (40)

6 (11)

10 (18)

57

 

Type of Diabetes

    

0.009

 

Type 1

53 (47)

32 (28)

29 (25)

114

 
 

Type 2

902 (51)

261 (15)

547 (31)

1762

 
 

Not known

13 (57)

3 (13)

6 (26)

23

 

Duration of Diabetes (years)

   

0.062

 

0–4

253 (51)

90 (18)

141 (29)

493

 
 

5–9

224 (48)

86 (18)

146 (31)

469

 
 

10–14

176 (56)

40 (13)

91 (29)

314

 
 

15–19

100 (55)

18 (10)

57 (31)

183

 
 

≥ 20

104 (50)

33 (16)

65 (31)

209

 
 

Not known

111 (48)

29 (13)

82 (36)

231

 

Ethnic Group

    

<0.001

White European

336 (38)

189 (21)

368 (41)

895

 

Afro-Caribbean

337 (64)

62 (12)

121 (23)

525

 

African

121 (70)

10 (6)

39 (23)

172

 

Other

148 (66)

29 (13)

43 (19)

224

 

Not known

26 (31)

6 (7)

11 (13)

83

 

Social Class

    

<0.001

Non-manual

292 (51)

82 (14)

202 (35)

576

 

Manual

441 (49)

155 (17)

305 (34)

905

 

Not known

235 (56)

59 (14)

75 (18)

418

 

Education

    

0.020

Primary

250 (52)

65 (14)

155 (82)

481

 

Secondary

421 (49)

155 (18)

269 (31)

857

 

Technical

91 (51)

25 (14)

61 (84)

178

 

University

132 (53)

40 (16)

74 (30)

248

 

Not known

74 (55)

11 (8)

23 (17)

135

 

Car Ownership

    

0.006

Owns Car

401 (48)

134 (16)

290 (35)

833

 

None

522 (54)

154 (16)

278 (29)

975

 

Not known

45 (50)

8 (9)

14 (15)

24

 

Housing Tenure

    

<0.001

Owner

374 (56)

73 (11)

208 (31)

670

 

Rented

520 (48)

207 (19)

345 (32)

1089

 

Other and Not known

74 (53)

16 (11)

29 (21)

140

 
  1. a from chi-square test after omitting 53 cases with 'not known' smoking status