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Table 2 Comparison of undesirability of selected activities in the three phases of VBC among laboratory (n = 19) and non-laboratory professionals (n = 101)

From: The practice of venous blood collection among laboratory and non-laboratory professionals working in Ethiopian Government Hospitals: a comparative study

 

Profession

Total

p-value

Laboratory professionals frequency (%)

Non-laboratory professional frequency (%)

1. Pre-collection phase

    

Patient identification frequency

    

Undesirable

0 (0%)

48 (47.5%)

48 (40%)

<0.001 *

Conscious patient identification

    

Undesirable

17 (89.5%)

78 (77.2%)

95 (79.2%)

0.357*

Unconscious patient identification

    

Undesirable

8 (42.1%)

41 (40.6%)

49 (40.8%)

0.895§

Diet restriction assessment

    

Undesirable

12 (63.2%)

37 (36.6%)

49 (40.8%)

0.057 §

Allowing patients to rest in sitting

    

Undesirable

11 (57.9%)

60 (59.4%)

71 (59.2%)

0.895§

Labeling test tubes

    

Undesirable

0 (0%)

22 (21.8%)

22 (18.3%)

0.022 *

Checking expiry dates of test tubes

    

Undesirable

2 (10.5%)

34 (33.7%)

36 (30%)

0.056 *

2. Actual collection phase

    

Vein selection procedure

    

Undesirable

6 (31.6%)

50 (49.5%)

56 (46.7%)

0.236§

Wearing gloves

    

Undesirable

4 (21.1%)

12 (11.9%)

16 (13.3%)

0.281*

Puncture site cleansing

    

Undesirable

6 (31.6%)

31 (30.7%)

37 (30.8%)

0.846§

Wetness of the site during needle insertion

    

Undesirable

2 (10.5%)

29 (28.7%)

31 (25.8%)

0.151*

Way of pulling syringe plunger out of veins

    

Undesirable

0 (0%)

4 (4.0%)

4 (3.3%)

1.000*

Patients’ hand position during sampling

    

Undesirable

16 (84.2%)

65 (64.4%)

81 (67.5%)

0.113*

Timing of tourniquet removal

    

Undesirable

12 (63.2%)

37 (36.6%)

49 (40.8%)

0.057 §

3. Post-collection phase

    

Specimen transferring practice

    

Undesirable

3 (15.8%)

64 (63.4%)

67 (55.8%)

<0.001 *

Mixing specimen with additives

    

Undesirable

1 (5.3%)

64 (63.4%)

65 (54.2%)

<0.001 *

Specimen storage

    

Undesirable

1 (5.3%)

26 (25.7%)

27 (22.5%)

0.070*

Specimen transport

    

Undesirable

2 (10.5%)

45 (44.6%)

47 (39.2%)

0.005 *

  1. §Chi-square test, *Fisher’s exact test, VBC = Venous Blood Collection.