An observational study of emergency department utilization among enrollees of Minnesota Health Care Programs: financial and non-financial barriers have different associations

Table 2 Logistic regression of reporting ED as usual source of care on independent variables among adult Minnesota Health Care Programs enrollees

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	OR	p	95% C.I.	OR	p	95% C.I.	OR	p	95% C.I.
Financial concerns	1.389	0.010	1.080-1.785				1.358	0.032	1.026-1.798
Non-financial barriers				1.306	0.007	1.075-1.586	1.063	0.580	0.857-1.318
Mental health diagnosis	1.019	0.966	0.424-2.451	0.920	0.862	0.360-2.349	0.973	0.953	0.395-2.398
Injury or poisoning	3.194	0.049	1.007-10.130	3.037	0.064	0.937-9.843	3.229	0.047	1.014-10.280
# Office visits	0.763	0.004	0.635-0.916	0.773	0.006	0.642-0.929	0.765	0.005	0.635-0.921
Inpatient stay	1.574	0.352	0.605-4.095	1.446	0.461	0.543-3.850	1.550	0.365	0.601-3.999
Age	1.011	0.359	0.988-1.035	1.011	0.299	0.990-1.033	1.012	0.336	0.988-1.036
Female	1.522	0.389	0.585-3.959	1.287	0.597	0.505-3.280	1.485	0.421	0.566-3.897
Education	0.859	0.498	0.554-1.334	0.849	0.506	0.523-1.376	0.852	0.462	0.555-1.307
Married	2.050	0.212	0.663-6.338	1.932	0.241	0.642-5.813	2.096	0.182	0.707-6.212
Employed	0.438	0.082	0.173-1.109	0.459	0.084	0.190-1.110	0.432	0.078	0.170-1.097
Born in U.S.	0.617	0.350	0.225-1.697	0.652	0.411	0.235-1.810	0.622	0.359	0.226-1.715
White, non-Hispanic
Black	10.989	0.001	2.739-44.092	10.211	0.003	2.224-46.891	10.726	0.001	2.692-42.740
Hispanic/Latino	1.696	0.620	0.210-13.713	1.752	0.632	0.176-17.422	1.676	0.629	0.206-13.596
Asian	0.681	0.712	0.089-5.234	0.689	0.720	0.090-5.293	0.645	0.672	0.085-4.924
American Indian/Alaska Native	6.697	0.006	1.731-25.915	6.704	0.008	1.645-27.320	6.578	0.006	1.741-24.855
Constant	0.002	0.000	0.000-0.022	0.005	0.000	0.000-0.077	0.002	0.000	0.000-0.022

ISSN: 1472-6963