Table 3 Projected health outcomes and costs of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in a cohort of Chinese infants on lifetime disease burden compared with no vaccination
Disease type/health outcome | No vaccination | PCV-7 Vaccination | Differences* |
|---|---|---|---|
Cases for birth cohort | Â | Â | Â |
  Pneumococcal bacteremia | 7,402 | 4,587 | -2,815 |
  Pneumococcal meningitis | 3,701 | 2,293 | -1,407 |
  Pneumococcal AOM | 12,616,500 | 8,554,976 | -4,061,524 |
  Pneumococcal pneumonia | 780,407 | 307,880 | -472,527 |
  Disability caused by pneumococcal meningitis | 255 | 158 | -97 |
  Deafness caused by pneumococcal meningitis | 474 | 294 | -180 |
  Tube insertion caused by pneumococcal AOM | 732,905 | 497,086 | -235,819 |
  Death caused by pneumococcal disease | 4,674 | 1,993 | -2,682 |
  Death caused by pneumococcal bacteremia | 335 | 207 | -128 |
  Death caused by pneumococcal meningitis | 302 | 188 | -114 |
  Death caused by pneumococcal pneumonia | 4,037 | 1,597 | -2,439 |
Efficacy of herd immunity | Â | Â | Â |
  Pneumococcal bacteremia | 28,310 | 23,562 | -4,748 |
  Pneumococcal meningitis | 19,088 | 7,817 | -11,270 |
  Disability caused by pneumococcal meningitis | 3,627 | 1,485 | -2,141 |
  Deafness caused by pneumococcal meningitis | 4,963 | 2,033 | -2,930 |
  Death caused by pneumococcal invasive disease | 5,449 | 3,934 | -1,515 |
Costs for birth cohort ($, discounted) | Â | Â | Â |
  vaccine cost (including administration) | 0 | 6,438,882,934 | 6,438,882,934 |
  Meningitis medical cost | 13,275,258 | 8,226,631 | -5,048,627 |
  Bacteremia medical cost | 19,739,872 | 12,232,718 | -7,507,154 |
  Pneumonia medical cost | 473,942,531 | 186,976,189 | -286,966,342 |
  AOM medical cost | 1,401,833,288 | 950,552,900 | -451,280,388 |
  Long-term cost of sequelae | 6,428,514 | 3,974,969 | -2,453,545 |
  Nonmedical cost | 1,581,876,301 | 1,144,173,592 | -437,702,709 |
     Subtotal | 3,497,095,763 | 8,745,019,933 | 5,247,924,169 |
Costs in herd immunity | 323,840,533 | 169,576,767 | -154,263,765 |
     Total | 3,820,936,296 | 8,914,596,700 | 5,093,660,404 |
QALYs loss (without herd immunity) | 2,310,183 | 2,300,288 | 43,543# |
QALYs loss (with herd immunity) | 112,072,439 | 112,019,001 | 53,438# |
ICER without heard immunity ($/QALY gained) | Â | 530,354 | Â |
ICER with heard immunity ($/QALY avoided) | Â | 95,319 | Â |