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Table 1 Descriptive statistics for full sample of 855 women, Tanzania 2012

From: Determinants of perceived quality of obstetric care in rural Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

 

n (%)

Level 1: individuals (n = 855 a )

 

Maternal factors

 

Socio-demographic

 
 

Age (mean, SD)

27.66 ± 6.53

 

Any secondary education

71 (8.31)

 

Household wealth: richest 20%

188 (22.09)

 

Farmer or homemaker

687 (81.01)

 

Head of household

36 (4.21)

 

Owns own mobile phone

319 (37.49)

 

Listens to the radio daily

534 (62.46)

Health/well-being

 
 

Full function on EQ-5Db

589 (68.89)

Availability of care

 
 

Distance from village center to nearest hospital (km) (mean, SD)

39.19 ± 21.69

 

Density of health facilities within 30 km of home village center (mean, SD)

13.74 ± 8.46

Past maternal health experiences

 
 

Number of previous deliveries (mean, SD)

2.45 ± 2.01

 

Had at least one newborn who died

46 (5.38)

 

>3 ANC visits for most recent pregnancy

532 (63.11)

 

Number of ANC services received (max. 9)c (mean, SD)

6.96 ± 1.56

Current care experience

 

Processes

 
 

Number of delivery services received (max. 9)d (mean, SD)

6.13 ± 2.22

 

Experienced disrespect and abuse

77 (9.07)

 

Had a complication during delivery

800 (94.12)

Outcomes

 
 

Child is alive

843 (98.83)

 

Doctor/nurse fees, drugs, supplies, tests (USD) (mean, SD)

5.94 ± 4.84

 

Borrowed money or sold assets to pay for services

105 (12.46)

Dependent variable: quality ratings i

 
 

Greeted and talked to respectfully

322 (37.93)

 

Knowledge and competence of health workers

301 (35.50)

 

How clearly health care providers explained care

279 (32.86)

 

Cleanliness of facility

223 (26.33)

 

Availability of drugs and modern equipment

183 (21.73)

 

Privacy

312 (36.79)

 

Level 2: facilities (n = 24)

 

Current care experience

 

Inputs/infrastructure

 
 

Index of equipment, supplies, and drugs available (max. 29)e (mean, SD)

16.38 ± 3.37

 

Clean water

6 (25.00)

 

Total health workers (mean, SD)

4.13 ± 1.65

 

Facility average health worker confidence on 35 maternal, newborn, and HIV skills (mean, SD)

42.06 ± 20.72

 

Health worker obstetric knowledge & competence score (mean, SD)f

41.40 ± 11.38

Processes

 
 

Number of emergency obstetric services provided in past 3 months (max. 7) (mean, SD)g

2.13 ± 1.15

 

Number of postnatal services routinely provided (max. 11)h (mean, SD)

7.96 ± 2.07

 

Monthly facility deliveries in 2011 (mean, SD)

7.37 ± 4.90

  1. ± is mean SD.
  2. aValues may not add up to 100 due to missing data.
  3. bWoman reported highest level of health on all five EQ-5D questions.
  4. cIndex of 9 ANC services: diagnostics, treatment, and counseling.
  5. dIndex of 9 delivery and postnatal counseling services.
  6. eIndex of facility availability of 29 equipment, drugs, and supplies essential for maternal and neonatal care.
  7. fMeasured using clinical vignettes. Used as a proxy for services delivered.
  8. gIndex of 7 basic emergency obstetric and newborn (BEmONC) services performed in past 3 months.
  9. hIndex of 11 postnatal exam and services that the facility routinely provides for the mother and newborn.
  10. iProportion of women rating the quality as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ on a 5-point likert scale ranging from ‘poor’ to ‘excellent’. Dependent variable is a summative index of these six questions.
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BMC Health Services Research

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