1860 | LEAD-6 | Greek* | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient demographics | |||
Baseline age (years) | 55.3 (9.2) | 56.7 (10.3) | 64.5 (10.5) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 6 (5.1) | 8.2 (6) | 10.4 (8.3) |
Percentage male | 52.9% | 51.9% | 51.5% |
Baseline risk factors | |||
HbA1c (%) | 8.4 (0.8) | 8.2 (1.0) | 8.2 (1.8) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.2 (14.5) | 133.0 (16.6) | 139.8 (19.3) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.79 (0.38) | 4.7 (0.95) | 5.5 (−) |
HDL (mmol/l) | 1.16 (0.31) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) |
LDL (mmol/l) | 2.65 (0.82) | 2.95 (0.8) | 3.7 (1.0) |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.38 (2.22) | 2.15 (1.35) | 1.9 (1.4) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32.8 (5.2) | 32.9 (5.7) | 30.4 (5.3) |
Proportion smoker¶ | 36.0% | 36.0% | 36.0% |
Cigarettes per day¶ | 18.7 | 18.7 | 18.7 |
Alcohol consumption (Oz/week)¶ | 15.91 | 15.91 | 15.91 |
Racial characteristics | |||
Proportion White | 90% | 80.6% | 100% |
Proportion Black | 7.5% | 5.5% | 0% |
Proportion Hispanic | 0% | 12.4% | 0% |
Proportion Native American | 0.5% | 1.3% | 0% |
Proportion Asian/Pacific Islander | 2% | 0.2% | 0% |
Baseline CVD complications | |||
Proportion with myocardial infarction | 2.7% | 2.6% | 12.8% |
Proportion with angina | 1.8% | 1.9% | 5.0% |
Proportion with peripheral vascular disease | 0.9% | 0.6% | 5.6% |
Proportion with stroke | 0.8% | 0.2% | 8.1% |
Proportion with congestive heart failure | 0.4% | 1.5% | 4.2% |
Proportion with atrial fibrillation | 1.5% | 1.5% | 9.1% |
Proportion with left ventricular hypertrophy | 0.2% | 0.2% | 3.1% |
Baseline renal complications | |||
Proportion with microalbuminuria | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% |
Proportion with gross proteinuria | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Proportion with end-stage renal disease | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.4% |
Baseline retinopathy complications | |||
Proportion with BDR | 2.7% | 1.1% | 25% |
Proportion with PDR | 0.2% | 0.2% | 4% |
Proportion with severe vision loss | 0.4% | 0.6% | 4.5% |
Baseline macular edema | |||
Proportion with macular edema | 1.1% | 0.2% | 1.1% |
Baseline cataract | |||
Proportion with cataract | 1.7% | 6.9% | 1.7% |
Baseline foot ulcer complications | |||
Prop. uninfected ulcer | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.6% |
Prop. infected ulcer | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
Prop. healed ulcer | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Prop. history of amputation | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% |
Baseline neuropathy | |||
Proportion with neuropathy | 11.6% | 7.8% | 14.7% |
Baseline depression | |||
Proportion with depression† | 0% | 0% | 9% |