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Table 1 Characteristics of care managers, clients, and services

From: Combinations of long-term care insurance services and associated factors in Japan: a classification tree model

  

n

%

Tokyo %

Characteristics of care managers (n = 48)

   

Age (years)

20–29

1

2.1

 
 

30–39

13

27.7

 
 

40–49

10

21.3

 
 

50–59

19

40.4

 
 

60 and over

4

8.5

 

Gender

Female

37

90.2

 

Long-term care work experience facility/hospital

None

17

37.8

 

Facility

13

28.9

 

Hospital

15

33.3

 

Professional background

Healthcare

7

15.2

 
 

Non-healthcare

39

84.8

 

Years of experience in profession, mean ± SD

 

12.0 ± 4.9

 

Years of working as care manager, mean ± SD

 

4.9 ± 3.0

 

Characteristics of Clients (n = 983)

   

Age (years), mean ± SD

 

80.0 ± 9.9

 

Gender

Female

622

64.1

 

Care need level

1

280

28.5

29.3

 

2

278

28.3

30.1

 

3

163

16.6

18.0

 

4

137

13.9

12.8

 

5

125

12.7

9.8

Diagnosis

    

 Cerebrovascular disease

 

298

30.3

 

 Dementia

 

271

27.6

 

 Diabetes

 

159

16.2

 

 Arthritis

 

118

12.0

 

 Fracture

 

133

13.5

 

 Cardiac disease

 

131

13.3

 

 Cancer

 

71

7.2

 

Living with family

 

700

79.5

 

Relationship with caregiver

    

 Child or his/her spouse

 

538

58.8

 

 Spouse

 

308

33.7

 

 Other

 

69

7.5

 

Economic status

Poverty

34

3.7

 

Physical status

    

ADLa mean ± SD

 

1.6 ± 1.8

 

 Independent

 

430

43.7

 

 Supervision

 

166

16.9

 

 Limited

 

111

11.3

 

 Extensive

 

77

7.8

 

 Maximal

 

87

8.9

 

 Dependent

 

84

8.5

 

 Total Dependent

 

28

2.8

 

Difficulty swallowing

 

211

22.0

 

Urinary incontinence

    

 Once or less/week

 

680

70.5

 

 Twice or more/week

 

284

29.5

 

Fecal incontinence

    

 None

 

768

80.0

 

 Once or more/week

 

192

20.0

 

Painb

    

 No pain

 

487

51.5

 

 Mild pain

 

204

21.6

 

 Moderate pain

 

208

22.0

 

 Excruciating pain

 

47

5.0

 

Fall (past 90 days)

    

 None

 

723

79.2

 

 Once or more

 

190

20.8

 

Pressure ulcer

 

41

4.3

 

Psychological status

    

Cognitive functionc

    

 Intact to mild disabilities

 

626

64.6

 

 Moderate to severe disabilities

 

343

35.4

 

Depressiond

 

93

9.5

 

Service use in home care

    

 Assistive devices

 

630

64.1

60.9

 Day care

 

570

58.0

60.3

 Home helper

 

512

52.1

52.2

 Visiting nurse

 

160

16.3

18.7

 Short-stay respite care

 

156

15.9

11.6

 Bathing

 

114

11.6

6.0

 Home rehabilitation

 

24

2.4

3.2

  1. SD: standard deviation.
  2. aADL was measured on the ADL Hierarchy Scale.
  3. bPain was measured on a pain scale.
  4. cCognitive function was measured on Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS).
  5. dDepression was measured on Depression Rating Scale (DRS).