Table 3 Association between cantonal supply and demand and PAH standardized ratio

Sickness funds’ annual costs for ambulatory care services, CHF

1.996

2.251

2.726

−0.270

Pro-pharmacy proportion^b

0.082

0.268

0.414

0.048

Urban population proportion^c

0.557

0.742

0.941

−0.081

Pharmacy density

0.136

0.190

0.362

−0.082

General practitioners’ density

0.583

0.620

0.681

0.162

Specialist practitioners’ density

0.999

1.172

1.608

−0.187

Hospital beds density

4.637

5.518

6.055

0.212

Annual cantonal income per inhabitant, CHF

44.141

49.282

55.027

−0.067

Educational level^d

12.686

12.839

13.028

−0.169

Deductible (CHF)

648

693

736

−0.290

Gatekeeper proportion

0.031

0.073

0.147

0.299

Unemployment rates

30.70

32.90

41.81

−0.140