Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of participants at baseline (T1) and comparison analyses according to healthcare service utilization (N = 243)
| Â | Â | Â | Total sample (N=243) | No utilization (n=130) | Utilization (n=113) | P value (chi-square test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | [n/Mean(% SD)] | [n/Mean(% SD)] | [n/Mean(% SD)] | Â | ||
Predisposing factors | Age [Mean(SD)] | 43.3 (12.8) | 42.2 (13.6) | 44.5 (11.8) | .165 | |
| Â | Gender [n(%)] | Female | 160 (65.8) | 73 (56.2) | 87 (77.0) | .001 |
| Â | Â | Male | 83 (34.2) | 57 (43.8) | 26 (23.0) | Â |
| Â | Education [n(%)] | High school or less | 78 (32.1) | 53 (40.8) | 25 (22.1) | .002 |
| Â | Â | Beyond high school | 165 (67.9) | 77 (59.2) | 88 (77.9) | Â |
| Â | Self-perception of physical health [n(%)] | Poor or fair | 42 (17.3) | 25 (19.2) | 17 (15.0) | .073 |
| Â | Â | Good | 68 (28.0) | 42 (32.3) | 26 (23.0) | Â |
| Â | Â | Excellent or very good | 133 (54.7) | 63 (48.5) | 70 (61.9) | Â |
| Â | Self-perception of mental health [n(%)] | Poor or fair | 37 (15.2) | 28 (21.5) | 9 (8.0) | 0.001 |
| Â | Â | Good | 76 (31.3) | 43 (33.1) | 33 (29.2) | Â |
| Â | Â | Excellent or very good | 130 (53.5) | 59 (45.4) | 71 (62.8) | Â |
| Â | Importance attributed to spirituality [n(%)] | 141 (58.0) | 75 (57.7) | 66 (58.4) | .910 | |
| Â | Number of children in the household [Mean(SD)] | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.5 (0.9) | .740 | |
| Â | Problems with the law in past 12 months | 11 (4.5) | 3 (2.3) | 8 (7.1) | .090 | |
Enabling factors | Household income [Mean(SD)] | 49552.1 (41246.8) | 46105.7 (32878.9) | 53517.0 (49002.7) | .167 | |
| Â | Personal income [Mean(SD)] | 28215.1 (21927.0) | 24845.7 (17118.1) | 32091.4 (25942.6) | .014 | |
| Â | Quality of life score [Mean(SD)] | 95.2 (17.7) | 97.4 (16.6) | 92.7 (18.6) | .040 | |
| Â | Neighbourhood characteristics scores | Neighborhood physical condition [Mean(SD)] | 43.6 (12.3) | 42.5 (12.2) | 44.8 (12.4) | .136 |
| Â | Â | Neighborhood disorder [Mean(SD)] | 3.9 (1.4) | 3.9 (1.4) | 3.9 (1.4) | .921 |
| Â | Â | Community involvement [Mean(SD)] | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.9 (1.0) | .173 |
| Â | Â | Resident disempowerment [Mean(SD)] | 12.8 (6.2) | 13.6 (6.2) | 11.9 (6.0) | .036 |
| Â | Social support score [Mean(SD)] | 77.8 (10.8) | 78.3 (11.0) | 77.2 (10.5) | .454 | |
Needs | Mental disorders (MD) in past 12 months | Major depression [n(%)] | 147 (60.5) | 66 (50.8) | 81 (71.7) | .001 |
| Â | Â | Mania [n(%)] | 13 (5.3) | 6 (4.6) | 7 (6.2) | .587 |
| Â | Â | Panic disorder [n(%)] | 17 (7.0) | 7 (5.4) | 10 (8.8) | .296 |
| Â | Â | Social phobia [n(%)] | 41 (16.9) | 21 (16.2) | 20 (17.7) | .748 |
| Â | Â | Agoraphobia [n(%)] | 7 (2.9) | 1 (0.8) | 6 (5.3) | .069 |
| Â | Â | Alcohol dependence [n(%)] | 44 (18.1) | 30 (23.1) | 14 (12.4) | .033 |
| Â | Â | Drug dependence [n(%)] | 28 (11.5) | 18 (13.8) | 10 (8.8) | .227 |
| Â | Â | Post-traumatic stress disorder [n(%)] | 18 (7.4) | 8 (6.2) | 10 (8.8) | .426 |
| Â | Number of MD in past 12 months [Mean(SD)] | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.8) | .025 | |
| Â | Emotional problems in past 12 months [n(%)] | 187 (77.0) | 80 (61.5) | 107 (94.7) | < .001 | |
| Â | Problems related to mental health in past 12 months [n(%)] | 133 (54.7) | 42 (32.3) | 91 (80.5) | < .001 | |
| Â | Victim of violence in past 12 months [n(%)] | 25 (10.3) | 13 (10.0) | 12 (10.6) | .874 | |
| Â | Aggressive behaviours in past 12 months [n(%)] | 39 (16.0) | 25 (19.2) | 14 (12.4) | .150 | |
| Â | Psychological distress score [Mean(SD)] | 15.3 (7.5) | 14.4 (7.2) | 16.5 (7.8) | .030 | |