THEORIES | PRACTICE | |
---|---|---|
FOCUS | DYNAMICS | |
Agency: Control of management; managers and owners/stakeholders have different interests; [23, 24] | Supervision of management Risk minimisation & compliance Monitoring of performance against targets and objectives | High challenge Controlling Critical style in order to achieve goals |
Stewardship: Joint endeavour with management; managers and owners/stakeholders have same interests [25] | Strategic thinking Emphasis on improvements & excellence in performance & use of resources | Appreciative style to achieve goals Collaborative |
Resource Dependency: Leveraging of external expertise and influence as organisation success dependent upon fit with external environment [26] | Policy formulation Horizon scanning Inward investment of resource and reputation | Predominantly external orientation Management through influence |
Stakeholder: Mirroring community and society served to ensure that organisation serves its mission and purpose [28, 29] | Supervision of management Monitoring of performance against targets and objectives Creation of long term public value | System/ society focussed orientation Consensual Mindful of sectional or political interests |