Table 4 Geographic differences in payment and coping mechanisms
From: Viewing health expenditures, payment and coping mechanisms with an equity lens in Nigeria
Variables | Rural | Peri-urban | Urban | p-value | R:U ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Out-of-Pocket but reimbursed | 6(43) | 1(7) | 7(50) | 0.051 | 0.86 |
Out-of-Pocket without reimbursement | 369(36) | 382(37) | 284(27) | 0.24 | 1.3 |
Health Insurance | 2(50) | 1(25) | 1(25) | 0.82 | 2 |
Instalment | 36(34) | 45(43) | 24(23) | 0.28 | 1.5 |
In-kind | 1(17) | 1(17) | 4(66) | 0.11 | 0.25 |
Others | 8(24) | 7(21) | 18(55) | 0.003 | 0.44 |
Payment coping mechanisms by geographic location (%) | |||||
Own money | 385(36) | 395(37) | 286(27) | 0.004 | 1.35 |
Borrowed money | 8(26) | 7(23) | 16(51) | 0.01 | 0.5 |
Sold moveable assets | 0 | 0 | 1(100) | 0.28 | 0 |
Sold family land | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 0 |
Payment subsidised | 13(46) | 1(4) | 14(50) | 0.001 | 0.93 |
Payment deferred | 7(78) | 1(11) | 1(11) | 0.03 | 7 |
Community solidarity/someone else paid | 2(11) | 12(63) | 5(26) | 0.03 | 0.4 |
Exempted | 3(37) | 1(13) | 4(50) | 0.26 | 0.75 |
Others | 3(21) | 3(21) | 8(58) | 0.03 | 0.38 |