Table 3 Socio-economic differences in payment and payment coping mechanisms
From: Viewing health expenditures, payment and coping mechanisms with an equity lens in Nigeria
Variables | Q1 N(%) | Q2 N(%) | Q3 N(%) | Q4 N(%) | Q5 N(%) | p-value | Q1:Q5 ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Out-of-Pocket but reimbursed | 4(31) | 3(22) | 1(8) | 4(31) | 1(8) | 0.58 | 4 |
Out-of-Pocket without reimbursement | 236(23) | 195(19) | 202(20) | 200(20) | 186(18) | 0.50 | 1.27 |
Health Insurance | 1(25) | 1(25) | 0 | 0 | 2(50) | 0.41 | 0.5 |
Instalment | 28(28) | 17(16) | 19(18) | 24(23) | 16(15) | 0.69 | 1.75 |
In-kind | 2(33) | 1(17) | 1(17) | 2(33) | 0 | 0.75 | 0 |
Others | 10(31) | 9(29) | 7(22) | 3(9) | 3(9) | 0.25 | 3.33 |
Payment coping mechanisms by SES (%) | |||||||
Own money | 245(23) | 202(19) | 207(20) | 206(20) | 190(18) | 0.70 | 1.29 |
Borrowed money | 14(46) | 5(17) | 5(17) | 5(17) | 1(3) | 0.03 | 14 |
Sold moveable assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1(100) | 0 | 0.40 | 0 |
Sold family land | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 0 |
Payment subsidized | 12(43) | 6(21) | 3(11) | 2(7) | 5(18) | 0.09 | 2.4 |
Payment deferred | 3(33) | 0 | 0 | 3(33) | 3(33) | 0.20 | 1 |
Community solidarity/someone else paid | 4(21) | 4(21) | 4(21) | 7(37) | 0 | 0.17 | 0 |
Exempted | 3(36) | 13) | 1(13) | 1(13) | 2(25) | 0.83 | 1.5 |
Others | 1(7) | 4(29) | 3(21) | 1(7) | 5(36) | 0.20 | 0.2 |