How are population-based funding formulae for healthcare composed? A comparative analysis of seven models

Penno, Erin; Gauld, Robin; Audas, Rick

doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-470

BMC Health Services Research

Table 2 Demographic measures included in the seven funding formulae

From: How are population-based funding formulae for healthcare composed? A comparative analysis of seven models

	*Age*	*Sex*	*Socioeconomic*	*Ethnicity*	*Geography*
England [29]	5 year age bands		Standardised no qualifications		Supply Index:^(c)
	0-85+ years		Young people not staying in education		Disability living allowance claimants over 60
			Pension credit claimants		Mean Waiting Time
			Low birth weight at births		Access to admitted care providers
			Income Deprivation affecting children		Distance to outpatient providers
			Disability living allowance claimants		Distance to admitted patient providers
			Incapacity Benefit/Severe Disability Allowance Claimants		Number of GPs
					Accessibility for acute provider capacity
					Accessibility score for outpatient capacity
Scotland [31]	5 year age bands	Male	Dependant on Care Programme:		Maternity: Urban–rural classification (10 categories)
	0-90 + years	Female	Dependant on Care Programme:
			Mental Health:% of people in one person households
			% in social rented housing
			Maternity: Mean house price
New South Wales [26]	5 year age bands	Male	Index of Occupation & Education	% Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders	Accessibility/Remoteness index of Australia
New South Wales [26]	0-85 + years	Female	Index of Occupation & Education	% Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders	Accessibility/Remoteness index of Australia
Netherlands [32, 33]	20 age categories	Male	Source of Income (Benefits, self employed, employed with insurance, no source of income)		Urbanisation
	0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…90+	Female
			Average Income		Proximity of care facilities (per 1000 inhabitants within 25 km radius)
			Proportion of non-western immigrants
			Marital Status
New Zealand [34]	5 year age bands	Male	Deprivation quintiles based on Index of Deprivation (NZDep2006)	Maori, Pacific, Other
New Zealand [34]	0-85 + years	Female		Maori, Pacific, Other
Ontario [35]	4 age categories for person profile	Male	Quintile of Neighbourhood Income per Person Equivalent		Rurality (Non Rural, Rural, Very Rural)
	4 age categories for person profile	Female	(Dichotomised into Low SES (Quintile 1) and Higher SES (Quintiles 2-5))		Small Hospital (Yes/No)
	1-17, 18-59, 60-79, 80+
	2 age categories for ranking clinical group
	0-17, 18+
Stockholm [36, 37]	5 & 10 year age bands		Marital Status (Married or cohabitating with children, lone)
	0-80+ years		House tenure (small houses, other)
			Educational Level (At least upper secondary, lower education, missing data)
			Employment Status (early retirement, other)

^(c)England’s Supply Index is set at national average rates in the final funding models, neutralising its effect on allocation.
Data sourced from:
[29] (Department of Health. 2011).
[31](NHSScotland Resource Allocation Committee. 2007).
[26] (New South Wales Health. 2005).
[32] (Ministry of Health Welfare and Sport 2008).
[33] (Ministry of Health Welfare and Sport 2012).
[34] (Ministry of Health. 2004).
[35] (Health System Information Management and Investment Division. 2011).
[36] (Andersson et al. 2000).
[37] (Andersson et al. 2010).

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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