Skip to main content

Table 1 Seven healthcare systems background information

From: How are population-based funding formulae for healthcare composed? A comparative analysis of seven models

 

Health system

Pop (mil)

Pop density (per km2)

 Urbanisation%

Median age

Main ethnic groups

Income inequality index (GINI coefficient)(b)

England

Universal access funded by General Taxation

51.3 [18]

395 [22]

80(a)[16]

40(a)[16]

White 92.1%(a)[16]

0.34(a)[18]

Black 2% Indian or

Pakistani 3.1%

Scotland

Universal access funded by General Taxation

5.1 [18]

66 [18]

Mixed 1.2%

Other 1.6%

New South Wales

Universal access funded by federal and state taxation mixed with optional private insurance coverage

7.1 [18]

9 [18]

89 [19]

37 [19]

White 92% [16, 25]

0.30 [18]

Asian 7%

Aboriginal 2.2%

Netherlands

Mandatory social insurance

16 [18]

395 [18]

83 [16]

41 [16]

Dutch 80.7% [16]

0.27 [18]

purchased from profit making insurers

EU 5%

     

Indonesian 2.4% Turkish 2.2% Surinamese 2% Moroccan 2% Caribbean 0.8% Other 4.8%

 

New Zealand

Universal access funded by General Taxation

4.3 [18]

16 [18]

86 [16]

37 [16]

European 77% Maori 15% [23]

0.34 [18]

Pacific 7%

Asian 10%

Ontario

Universal access funded by General Taxation

12.9 [18]

14 [18]

85 [20]

39 [16]

77% Non minority [20]

0.32 [18]

4% Black

14% Asian

2% Aboriginal

Stockholm

Universal access funded by general and local taxation

1.9 [18]

299 [18]

95 [21]

39 [17]

9.6% Population foreign citizens, 39% classified as foreign born [17]

0.23 [18]

Foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks

  1. Data Sourced From: (a) United Kingdom estimates, (b) Country estimates.
  2. [16] (Central Intelligence Agency. 2011).
  3. [17] (Statistics Sweden. 2011).
  4. [18] (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2011).
  5. [19] (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2010).
  6. [20] (Statistics Canada. 2009).
  7. [21] (Statistics Sweden. 2010).
  8. [22] (Office for National Statistics 2010).
  9. [23] (New Zealand Ministry of Social Development 2010).
  10. [24] (Statistics Canada. 2007).
  11. [25] (Aboriginal Affairs NSW. 2007).