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Table 3 Difference in outcomes for hospitals that adopted EMR (n = 425) vs. non-EMR (n = 283) hospitals, before and after the years of EMR adoption

From: The effect of electronic medical record adoption on outcomes in US hospitals

 

30-day rehospitalization

30-day mortality

 

Before

After

Before

After

 

EMR

Non-EMR

EMR

Non-EMR

EMR

Non-EMR

EMR

Non-EMR

Outcomes

15.64%

16.10%

16.49%

16.76%

13.58%

13.96%

12.94%

13.51%

(Std. Err)

(0.04)

(0.06)

(0.06)

(0.03)

(0.09)

(0.05)

(0.06)

(0.05)

Difference between EMR and non-EMR hospitals

 

−0.46%

 

−0.26%

 

−0.39%

 

−0.57%

(Std. Err)

 

(0.02)

 

(0.05)

 

(0.06)

 

(0.03)

Difference before and after

   

0.19% **

   

−0.18% **

(Std. Err)

   

(0.06)

   

(0.07)

 

Inpatient mortality

Length of stay

 

Before

After

Before

After

 

EMR

Non-EMR

EMR

Non-EMR

EMR

Non-EMR

EMR

Non-EMR

Outcomes

4.69%

4.67%

4.10%

4.16%

5.58

5.92

5.49

5.93

(Std. Err)

(0.05)

(0.02)

(0.04)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.03)

(0.01)

(0.04)

Difference between EMR and non-EMR hospitals

 

0.01%

 

−0.05%

 

−0.33

 

−0.44

(Std. Err)

 

(0.03)

 

(0.02)

 

(0.03)

 

(0.01)

Difference before and after

   

−0.07%

   

−0.11 day *

(Std. Err)

   

(0.05)

   

(0.05)

  1. Difference between EMR and non-EMR hospitals was calculated by subtracting the mean values of non-EMR adopted hospitals from the mean values of EMR adopted hospitals.
  2. Difference before and after was calculated by subtracting the mean values in the eight quarters before the year of EMR adoption with the values in the eight quarters after the year of EMR adoption.
  3. All outcomes were adjusted by patient (gender, age and race) and disease characteristics (DRG weight and comorbidities).
  4. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.