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Table 3 GEE Results for Instrumental Research Use (IRU) and Conceptual Research Use (CRU) (Independent Working Correlation Structure)

From: The influence of organizational context on the use of research by nurses in Canadian pediatric hospitals

Level

Variables

IRU

CRU

Estimate (SE)

p-value

Estimate (SE)

p-value

Individual level covariates (N = 748)

Attitude towards research

0.168 (0.107)

0.118

0.035 (0.095)

0.712

Belief suspension (Implement)

0.159 (0.054)

0.004

0.142 (0.062)

0.023

Belief suspension (Willingness)

-0.020 (0.050)

0.687

-0.003 (0.074)

0.968

SF-8TM (Physical health status)

0.005 (0.006)

0.414

-0.002 (0.007)

0.812

SF-8TM (Mental health status)

-0.001 (0.005)

0.839

-0.001 (0.005)

0.921

MBI Emotional Exhaustion

0.063 (0.057)

0.266

0.072 (0.054)

0.184

MBI Cynicism

-0.118 (0.050)

0.017

-0.075 (0.047)

0.111

MBI Efficacy

0.065 (0.036)

0.071

0.058 (0.043)

0.174

Adequate orientation

0.117 (0.066)

0.074

0.047 (0.063)

0.455

Job satisfaction

0.069 (0.067)

0.305

0.152 (0.078)

0.050

Age1

-0.023 (0.025)

0.347

0.018 (0.023)

0.442

Sex2

-0.152 (0.193)

0.431

-0.232 (0.225)

0.302

Highest education - Diploma/Certificate3

-0.032 (0.219)

0.882

0.074 (0.235)

0.752

       Bachelor degree

0.376 (0.223)

0.091

0.287 (0.233)

0.219

Employment status - Full time4

0.290 (0.275)

0.291

0.137 (0.245)

0.576

       Part time

0.294 (0.267)

0.272

0.060 (0.265)

0.820

Problem solving

0.097 (0.121)

0.424

0.290 (0.140)

0.039

Specialized course (Yes/No)5

0.084 (0.095)

0.381

0.084 (0.072)

0.245

Research use in past

0.221 (0.095)

0.020

0.248 (0.089)

0.006

Unit level covariates (N = 32)

ACT Leadership

0.233 (0.144)

0.106

0.437 (0.108)

<.0001

ACT Culture

0.834 (0.409)

0.042

-0.654 (0.329)

0.047

ACT Evaluation

0.151 (0.124)

0.223

0.353 (0.074)

<.0001

ACT Formal Interactions

-0.053 (0.133)

0.691

-0.342 (0.084)

<.0001

ACT Informal Interactions

0.245 (0.137)

0.074

0.286 (0.085)

0.001

ACT Social Capital

-0.076 (0.380)

0.841

-0.497 (0.306)

0.105

ACT Structural and Electronic Resources

-0.280 (0.146)

0.056

0.005 (0.104)

0.964

ACT Organizational Slack-Staff

-0.060 (0.118)

0.612

0.027 (0.070)

0.702

ACT Organizational Slack-Space

-0.074 (0.128)

0.562

0.247 (0.103)

0.016

ACT Organizational Slack-Time

0.121 (0.302)

0.690

-0.113 (0.228)

0.620

Support for innovation

-0.518 (0.273)

0.057

-0.244 (0.220)

0.268

Specialty - Critical care6

0.174 (0.172)

0.313

0.175 (0.146)

0.230

       Medical care

-0.032 (0.113)

0.776

0.211 (0.093)

0.023

Average (mean) number of occupied beds

0.005 (0.005)

0.246

0.002 (0.003)

0.461

Percentage of baccalaureate nurses

0.629 (0.294)

0.032

0.036 (0.263)

0.890

Average patient stay

-0.026 (0.013)

0.050

-0.002 (0.010)

0.828

QIC & working correlation

ρ ^ = 0.00

ρ ^ = 0.00

QIC = 723.57

QIC = 704.93

  1. Bold statistically significant (p < .05).
  2. 1Used as continuous to examine the linear trend.
  3. 2Reference group = Female.
  4. 3Reference group = Master or higher.
  5. 4Reference group = Casual.
  6. 5Reference group = No.
  7. 6Reference group = Surgical care unit.