Access to HIV/AIDS care: a systematic review of socio-cultural determinants in low and high income countries

Table 5 Meta-estimates: effect of socio-cultural factors on adherence to ART

Socio-cultural	Pool ES	CI 95%	p value*	Pool studies	I²
Low self-efficacy	1.025	0.57-1.85	0.94	3	63.1%
High income countries	2.13	1.03-4.41	0.01	2	0.0%
Low income countries	1.75	1.91-1.31	0.04	1	-
Lack of social support
High income countries	1.04	1.01-1.08	0.02	2	0.0%
Low income countries	-	-	-	-	-
No depression	0.89	0.83-0.96	0.00	2	0.0%
High income countries	0.92	0.82-1.04	0.17	1	-
Low income countries	0.88	0.80-0.96	0.01	1	-
Stigma	2.17	1.52-3.09	0.00	2	62.1%
High income countries	3.70	1.92-7.42	0.00	1	-
Low income countries	1.74	1.14-2.65	0.01	1	-
Abuse of alcohol	1.75	1.41-2.18	0.00	6	59.8%
High income countries	1.43	1.09-1.86	0.01	4	24.0%
Low income countries	2.72	1.84-1.69	0.00	2	32.7%
Abuse of drugs	1.86	1.48-2.33	0.01	9	1.1%
High income countries	1.89	1.49-2.41	0.00	6	23.2%
Low income countries	1.58	0.78-3.22	0.21	3	0.0%

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