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Table 5 Secondary cardiovascular prevention by ethnicity (n=380): risk factors, pharmacological intervention and proportion not achieving targets

From: Pharmacological primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention among diabetic patients in a multiethnic general practice population: still room for improvements

Characteristicsa

Valid cases

Norwegians (n=299)

South Asians (n=57)

Othersb(n=24)

Pc

Age- and gender adjusted last available measure of risk factors for CVD (mean, 95% CI)

HbA1c, %

360

7.0 (6.84-7.13)

7.9 (7.48-8.28)

7.5 (6.96-8.08)

<0.001

SBP, mmHg

356

135.5 (136.3-140.7)

134.3 (128.8-139.8)

138.9 (131–146.7)

0.370

DBP, mmHg

356

78.7 (77.6-79.8)

73.7 (70.9-76.4)

72.5 (68.6-76.4)

<0.001

Total chol, mmol/L

349

4.7 (4.58-4.83)

4.6 (4.30-4.87)

4.8 (4.40-5.25)

0.596

LDL-chol, mmol/L

231

2.7 (2.59-2.88)

2.6 (2.30-2.95)

2.8 (2.21-3.34)

0.817

HDL-chol, mmol/L

332

1.3 (1.27-1.36)

1.2 (1.07-1.26)

1.2 (1.10-1.37)

0.013

Total chol/HDL-chol

332

3.7 (3.60-3.88)

4.1 (3.80-4.41)

4.1 (3.67-4.58)

0.049

Age- and gender adjusted proportion receiving pharmacological therapy (%, 95% CI)

Glucose lowering

380

73.8 (68.5-79.0)

96.5 (91.7-101.3)

87.9 (75.0-100.9)

<0.001

Anti-hypertensive

380

91.1 (87.8-94.4)

86.6 (77.4-95.9)

80.7 (64.9-96.5)

0.345

Lipid-lowering

380

66.3(60.4-72.1)

60.7(46.1-75.3)

67.5(47.5-87.5)

0.781

Age- and gender adjusted proportions not achieving treatment targets among patients receiving pharmacological therapy (%, 95% CI)

HbA1c >7.5%

280

26.0 (19.4-32.6)

47.2 (31.4- 63.0)

39.6 (16.3-62.9)

0.031

SBP > 140 mmHg

319

35.5 (29.5-41.5)

22.3 ( 7.7 – 36.8)

56.1 (32.2 – 80.0)

0.050

DBP > 85 mmHg

319

16.5 (12.0-21.1)

12.2 (2.3-22.1)

11.6 (−3.6-26.7)

0.645

Total Chol/HDL chol ≥ 4.0

226

31.8 (24.8-39.0)

43.8 (27.6-59.9)

28.5 (7.1 – 50.0)

0.378

  1. a Multiple linear regression was used to estimate means and multiple logistic regression was used to estimate proportions in the groups adjusted for age and gender. HbA1c was additionally adjusted for diabetes duration. SBP: systolic blood pressure. DBP: diastolic blood pressure. HbA1c was log-transformed before applying the multiple regression model and the geometric means is presented.
  2. Glucose- lowering therapy: prescription of anti-diabetic agents, insulin or any combinations. Anti-hypertensive therapy: prescription of one or combination of several agents. Lipid-lowering therapy: prescription of statins.
  3. b Patients from other regions than Western Europe/ North America and SA.
  4. c p-values. Wald tests were applied to test for differences in means and proportions between the groups adjusted for age and gender.