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Table 3 Data collection methods in reviewed studies

From: Nurses’ workarounds in acute healthcare settings: a scoping review

Method

Studies

Discrete Method

 

Observations

[62, 73]

Interviews

[36, 52, 80, 81]

Focus group interviews

[69, 86]

Questionnaire surveys

[37, 39, 43, 44, 55, 60, 6365, 79],[83, 87]

Information system data analysis

[77]

Multi-method

 

Interview and observation

[1, 6*, 34, 40, 41, 45, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 66, 68, 72, 74, 75, 76*, 82, 84*]

Interview and document analysis including medication chart review

[48, 51]

Interview, observation and document analysis (may include medication chart review)

[38, 42, 50]

Interview, observation, focus group, survey and time and motion studies

[78]

Analysis of information system data and observation

[70]

Analysis of information system data, observation and interview

[4]

Observation, clinical intervention data and medication chart review

[35]

Observation and medication chart review

[46]

Interview and collection of data from support desk and information system data

[85]

Questionnaire surveys, observations, interviews and Computer Provider Order Entry (CPOE) website review

[71]

Questionnaire surveys and observation and focus groups

[57]

Questionnaire surveys and interviews

[49]

Questionnaire surveys, interviews, process mapping, information system data and document analysis

[47]

Observation and journal narration

[24]

Self-recording by nurses as they gave medication and interviews

[67]

  1. *Observational studies that noted inclusion of ‘complementary’ and ‘opportunistic’ interviews.