From: Out-of-pocket expenditures for primary health care in Tajikistan: a time-trend analysis
Expenditure on medicine | Payment to the family doctor | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | N | Coefficient (95% CI) | P-value | N | Coefficient (95% CI) | P-value | |
Rayon | |||||||
Dangara | 172 | 1.00 | 47 | 1.00 | |||
Varzob | 83 | 2.18 (1.67, 2.86) | 0.000 | 59 | 1.67 (1.40, 1.95) | 0.000 | |
Shahrinav | 117 | 1.72 (1.32, 2.20) | 0.000 | 103 | 1.43 (1.22, 1.67) | 0.000 | |
Tursunzade | 161 | 1.43 (1.12, 1.84) | 0.005 | 169 | 1.15 (1.00, 1.34) | 0.052 | |
Reason to consult | |||||||
diarrhoea | 62 | 1.00 | 31 | 1.00 | |||
digestive (gastrointestinal) | 33 | 1.25 (0.85, 1.82) | 0.257 | 13 | 0.93 (0.71, 1.22) | 0.606 | |
cardiovascular | 34 | 1.40 (0.96, 2.08) | 0.082 | 16 | 1.04 (0.78, 1.38) | 0.795 | |
respiratory | 47 | 1.14 (0.81, 1.62) | 0.442 | 26 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.14) | 0.435 | |
pregnancy | 212 | 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) | 0.050 | 231 | 0.96 (0.82, 1.14) | 0.648 | |
genitourinary | 36 | 1.30 (0.90, 1.88) | 0.168 | 22 | 1.12 (0.89, 1.42) | 0.334 | |
injuries | 15 | 0.58 (0.35, 0.96) | 0.036 | 6 | 1.32 (0.90, 1.93) | 0.152 | |
anemia | 19 | 1.99 (1.25, 3.16) | 0.004 | 6 | 1.19 (0.82, 1.72) | 0.369 | |
diabetes | 26 | 1.21 (0.79, 1.88) | 0.385 | 5 | 1.45 (0.97, 2.16) | 0.067 | |
osteochondrosis | 15 | 1.11 (0.65, 1.90) | 0.699 | 2 | 0.98 (0.50, 1.90) | 0.944 | |
other | 34 | 1.72 (1.16, 2.51) | 0.006 | 20 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.09) | 0.215 | |
Referral to specialist | |||||||
not referred | 248 | 1.00 | 156 | 1.00 | |||
referred | 283 | 1.63 (1.35, 1.95) | 0.000 | 221 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.248 | |
Self-assessed health status | |||||||
very good | 159 | 1.00 | 103 | 1.00 | |||
ok | 328 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.46) | 0.042 | 250 | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 0.481 | |
Poor / very poor | 46 | 1.97 (1.39, 2.80) | 0.000 | 25 | 1.08 (0.90, 1.32) | 0.400 | |
Economic position | |||||||
Lowest 40% | 214 | 1.00 | 101 | 1.00 | |||
Middle 40% | 213 | 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) | 0.201 | 175 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.22) | 0.094 | |
Highest 20% | 106 | 1.32 (1.04, 1.70) | 0.023 | 102 | 1.32 (1.17, 1.51) | 0.000 |