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Table 6 Determinants of expenditure on medicine and of informal payments in 2011

From: Out-of-pocket expenditures for primary health care in Tajikistan: a time-trend analysis

  

Expenditure on medicine

Payment to the family doctor

Characteristic

 

N

Coefficient (95% CI)

P-value

N

Coefficient (95% CI)

P-value

Rayon

       
 

Dangara

172

1.00

 

47

1.00

 
 

Varzob

83

2.18 (1.67, 2.86)

0.000

59

1.67 (1.40, 1.95)

0.000

 

Shahrinav

117

1.72 (1.32, 2.20)

0.000

103

1.43 (1.22, 1.67)

0.000

 

Tursunzade

161

1.43 (1.12, 1.84)

0.005

169

1.15 (1.00, 1.34)

0.052

Reason to consult

       
 

diarrhoea

62

1.00

 

31

1.00

 
 

digestive (gastrointestinal)

33

1.25 (0.85, 1.82)

0.257

13

0.93 (0.71, 1.22)

0.606

 

cardiovascular

34

1.40 (0.96, 2.08)

0.082

16

1.04 (0.78, 1.38)

0.795

 

respiratory

47

1.14 (0.81, 1.62)

0.442

26

0.91 (0.74, 1.14)

0.435

 

pregnancy

212

0.76 (0.58, 1.00)

0.050

231

0.96 (0.82, 1.14)

0.648

 

genitourinary

36

1.30 (0.90, 1.88)

0.168

22

1.12 (0.89, 1.42)

0.334

 

injuries

15

0.58 (0.35, 0.96)

0.036

6

1.32 (0.90, 1.93)

0.152

 

anemia

19

1.99 (1.25, 3.16)

0.004

6

1.19 (0.82, 1.72)

0.369

 

diabetes

26

1.21 (0.79, 1.88)

0.385

5

1.45 (0.97, 2.16)

0.067

 

osteochondrosis

15

1.11 (0.65, 1.90)

0.699

2

0.98 (0.50, 1.90)

0.944

 

other

34

1.72 (1.16, 2.51)

0.006

20

0.86 (0.68, 1.09)

0.215

Referral to specialist

       
 

not referred

248

1.00

 

156

1.00

 
 

referred

283

1.63 (1.35, 1.95)

0.000

221

1.05 (0.96, 1.15)

0.248

Self-assessed health status

       
 

very good

159

1.00

 

103

1.00

 
 

ok

328

1.21 (1.01, 1.46)

0.042

250

0.96 (0.87, 1.06)

0.481

 

Poor / very poor

46

1.97 (1.39, 2.80)

0.000

25

1.08 (0.90, 1.32)

0.400

Economic position

       
 

Lowest 40%

214

1.00

 

101

1.00

 
 

Middle 40%

213

1.13 (0.94, 1.35)

0.201

175

1.09 (0.98, 1.22)

0.094

 

Highest 20%

106

1.32 (1.04, 1.70)

0.023

102

1.32 (1.17, 1.51)

0.000

  1. Coefficent: the mean of each category is compared to the baseline (1.00).
  2. NB : only statistically significant determinants are presented in this table, and the significant determinants are in bold (P<0.05). CI : Confidence interval at 95% level.