How much can we gain from improved efficiency? An examination of performance of national HIV/AIDS programs and its determinants in low- and middle-income countries

Table 1 Determinants of efficiency of national HIV/AIDS programs

Determinant (independent variable)	Coefficient	Standard Error
Voice and accountability (VA)**	0.392	0.208
Government effectiveness (GE)	0.500	0.488
Rule of law (RL)	-0.333	0.475
Control of corruption (CC)	-0.323	0.428
Government commitment to health*	0.031	0.021
External source as percentage of total health expenditure **	0.030	0.014
Government source as percentage of total health expenditure *	-0.014	0.008
CC × RL **	0.602	0.312
CC × external share of health spending*	0.022	0.012
Log(GNI per capita)*	3.485	1.992
Square of log(GNI per capita)*	-0.207	0.128
Log(adult population)*	0.147	0.091
HIV/AIDS prevalence (in percentage points)**	0.052	0.021

Source: Authors' analysis of determinants of the efficiency of national HIV/AIDS programs, based on the efficiency scores generated from the pooled DEA model. Notation: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Notes: The dependent variable is natural logarithm of efficiency scores from output-oriented DEA over years; coefficients for dummy variables on years 2003-2007 and the constant are suppressed for brevity; log refers to natural log; the total number of observations is 120. GNI denotes gross national income. The variance of the random error is estimated at 0.111. Additional file 1 (Table A5) provides the full model specification.

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