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Table 3 Incremental Effects of Cleft Status and Type on Hospitalizations by Age Group

From: The effects of oral clefts on hospital use throughout the lifespan

Age group/Cleft Measure

Hospitalization Probability

Hospitalization Days|Days > 0

Total Effect on Hospitalization Days

Age 0-9 years

   

Cleft Status

0.168****

2.5****

1.05****

 

(0.003)

(0.17)

(0.02)

 

[195.1%]

[47.8%]

[233.2%]

 

{188.0%,202.1%}

{41.6%,54.0%}

{226.3%,241.3%}

Cleft lip

0.099****

1.2****

0.6****

 

(0.004)

(0.2)

(0.03)

 

[115.0%]

[22.9%]

[133.2%]

 

{106.0%,124.1%}

{15.4%,30.4%}

{122.0%,143.9%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.245****

3.37****

1.51****

 

(0.005)

(0.27)

(0.028)

 

[284.5%]

[64.4%]

[335.3%]

 

{273.5%,296.2%}

{54.3%,74.6%}

{324.0%,348.5%}

Cleft palate

0.158****

2.38****

0.99****

 

(0.006)

(0.31)

(0.03)

 

[183.5%]

[45.5%]

[219.9%]

 

{170.3%,197.3%}

{34.0%,56.9%}

{206.3%,234.7%}

Age 10-19 years

   

Cleft Status

0.103****

1.03****

0.53****

 

(0.003)

(0.12)

(.01)

 

[183.6%]

[22.1%]

[202.3%]

 

{174.0%,193.7%}

{16.8%,27.2%}

{193.3%,212.6%}

Cleft lip

0.043****

0.26

0.21****

 

(0.004)

(0.21)

(0.02)

 

[76.6%]

[5.6%]

[80.2%]

 

{63.1%,89.5%}

{-3.1%,14.3%}

{66.9%,94.3%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.203****

1.43****

1.01****

 

(0.005)

(0.15)

(0.02)

 

[361.9%]

[30.6%]

[385.5%]

 

{344.9%,378.4%}

{24.4%,36.9%}

{368.9%,403.5%}

Cleft palate

0.054****

0.63**

0.28****

 

(0.004)

(0.28)

(0.02)

 

[96.3%]

[13.5%]

[106.9%]

 

{81.1%,111.9%}

{1.6%,25.4%}

{93.9%,123.0%}

Age 20-29 years

   

Cleft Status

0.038****

0.53***

0.26****

 

(0.003)

(0.2)

(0.02)

 

[32.6%]

[9.6%]

[40.4%]

 

{27.8%,37.1%}

{2.6%,16.7%}

{34.3%,46.1%}

Cleft lip

0.014***

0.35

0.11***

 

(0.004)

(0.54)

(0.04)

 

[12.0%]

[6.3%]

[17.1%]

 

{4.2%,19.0%}

{-13.1%,25.8%}

{4.9%,28.8%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.084****

0.43**

0.5****

 

(0.005)

(0.17)

(0.03)

 

[72.0%]

[7.8%]

[77.6%]

 

{63.2%,80.6%}

{1.7%,14.0%}

{68.7%,85.8%}

Cleft palate

0.015***

0.84**

0.16****

 

(0.004)

(0.39)

(0.04)

 

[12.9%]

[15.2%]

[24.8%]

 

{5.2%,19.7%}

{1.4%,28.9%}

{14.0%,36.6%}

Age 30-39 years

   

Cleft Status

0.017****

0.51*

0.15****

 

(0.003)

(0.27)

(0.02)

 

[15.3%]

[8.7%]

[23.2%]

 

{10.8%,19.9%}

{-0.5%,17.9%}

{15.7%,29.9%}

Cleft lip

0.008*

0.21

0.07*

 

(0.004)

(0.41)

(0.04)

 

[7.2%]

[3.6%]

[10.8%]

 

{-0.5%,14.5%}

{-10.1%,17.4%}

{-0.6%,20.7%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.038****

0.56

0.27****

 

(0.005)

(0.44)

(0.04)

 

[34.3%]

[9.6%]

[41.8%]

 

{26.4%,43.0%}

{-5.0%,24.3%}

{31.1%,54.0%}

Cleft palate

0.003

0.72

0.09*

 

(0.004)

(0.54)

(0.05)

 

[2.7%]

[12.3%]

[13.%]

 

{-4.7%,10.1%}

{-6.0%,30.6%}

{-2.0%,29.4%}

Age 40-49 years

   

Cleft Status

0.016****

0.75*

0.19****

 

(0.003)

(0.42)

(0.03)

 

[18.8%]

[9.6%]

[28.7%]

 

{12.6%,25.9%}

{-1.0%,20.3%}

{18.5%,38.1%}

Cleft lip

-0.002

0.58

0.03

 

(0.004)

(0.71)

(0.06)

 

[-2.4%]

[7.4%]

[4.5%]

 

{-12.6%,8.0%}

{-10.3%,25.3%}

{-12.7%,23.0%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.03****

-0.36

0.2****

 

(0.005)

(0.49)

(0.04)

 

[35.3%]

[-4.6%]

[30.2%]

 

{23.3%,46.5%}

{-16.9%,7.7%}

{16.6%,42.6%}

Cleft palate

0.019****

2.51**

0.36****

 

(0.005)

(1.02)

(0.07)

 

[22.4%]

[32.2]

[54.4%]

 

{10.4%,34.6%}

{1.9%,57.9%}

{33.0%,74.6%}

Age 50-59 years

   

Cleft Status

0.013***

0.31

0.15***

 

(0.004)

(0.57)

(0.05)

 

[13.3%]

[3.3%]

[16.3%]

 

{5.3%,21.9%}

{-8.6%,15.2%}

{5.1%,28.2%}

Cleft lip

-0.001

1.43

0.13

 

(0.007)

(1.32)

(0.12)

 

[-1.0%]

[15.2%]

[14.1%]

 

{-14.5%,12.1%}

{-12.2%,42.5%}

{-12.2%,39.7%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.025****

0.48

0.28***

 

(0.007)

(0.81)

(0.08)

 

[25.6%]

[5.1%]

[30.4%]

 

{11.5%,40.1%}

{-11.7%,21.8}

{12.5%,48.1%}

Cleft palate

0.013*

-1.06

0.02

 

(0.007)

(0.84)

(0.09)

 

[13.3%]

[-11.3%]

[2.2%]

 

{-1.2%,28.0%}

{-28.8%,6.2%}

{-17.8%,21.8%}

Age 60-68 years

   

Cleft Status

0.002

-0.3

-0.01

 

(0.009)

(1.06)

(0.14)

 

[1.6%]

[-2.8%]

[-0.7%]

 

{-12.0%,15.7%}

{-21.9%,16.5%}

{-20.8%,19.1%}

Cleft lip

-0.022

-2.25

-0.52**

 

(0.015)

(1.38)

(0.22)

 

[-17.1%]

[-20.7%]

[-37.1%]

 

{-39.3%,5.4%}

{-45.6%,4.2%}

{-67.8%,-6.2%}

Cleft lip with palate

0.011

-0.13

0.1

 

(0.014)

(1.51)

(0.23)

 

[8.5%]

[-1.2%]

[7.1%]

 

{-12.2%,29.6%}

{-28.5%,26.0%}

{-24.3%,39.0%}

Cleft palate

0.013

1.04

0.27

 

(0.019)

(2.38)

(0.27)

 

[10.1%]

[9.6%]

[19.3%]

 

{-18.3%,38.9%}

{-33.3%,52.4%}

{-18.9%,57.8%}

  1. Note: Standard errors of effects are in parentheses; the % changes in hospitalizations relative to the unaffected control group due to the cleft effects are listed in brackets (the 95% confidence intervals of these % changes are included in curly brackets); the effects are estimated following (Equation 1) for age groups 20-29 and older and (Equation 2) for younger age groups; * = p < 1; ** = p < 0.05; *** = p < 0.01; **** = p < 0.001. The effects are adjusted for all the covariates listed in (Equation 1) for ages 20 years and older and for covariates listed in (Equation 2) for younger ages.