Table 1 Descriptive statistics of study sample
From: Does the presence of a pharmacist in primary care clinics improve diabetes medication adherence?
Measure | Overall | Pharmacist in clinic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | YES | NO |
Clinic Characteristics | |||
# Clinics | 196 | 138 | 58 |
Community-based Clinic (%) | 33.7 | 36.2 | 27.6 |
Study subjects per facility (mean/SD) | 1,432 (870) | 1,457 (891) | 1,370 (822) |
Minimum | 241 | 241 | 253 |
Maximum | 7,399 | 7,399 | 4,262 |
Total patients per facility (mean/SD) | 28,162 (18,973) | 28,873 (19,397) | 26,469 (17,972) |
Minimum | 4,925 | 4,925 | 5,694 |
Maximum | 108,694 | 108,694 | 90,024 |
Pharmacist FTE/10,000 clinic patients | 1.03 (1.27) | 1.46 (1.23) | N/A |
Pharmacist FTE/100K patient encounters | 1.63 (2.13) | 2.31 (2.21) | N/A |
Patient Characteristics | |||
# Subjects | 280,603 | 201,127 | 79,476 |
Age (mean/SD) | 67.4 (11.0) | 67.3 (11.0) | 67.5 (10.9) |
Female (%) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
Married (%) | 63.9 | 63.1 | 65.9 |
White Race (%) | 73.0 | 71.5 | 76.8 |
Free care due to disability (%) | 36.4 | 36.1 | 37.1 |
Free care due to low income (%) | 35.3 | 35.8 | 34.2 |
No free care (%) | 28.3 | 28.1 | 28.7 |
DCSI Score (mean/SD) | 3.8 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.2) |
Primary care visits (mean/SD) | 3.9 (3.0) | 3.9 (3.1) | 3.7 (2.8) |
Total visits (mean/SD) | 7.7 (9.7) | 7.8 (10.0) | 7.3 (8.8) |
DCG Risk score (mean/SD) | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.6) |
Cumulative in hospital days (mean/SD) | 0.2 (2.0) | 0.2 (2.0) | 0.2 (1.9) |
Hospitalized during FY06 Q4 (%) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
Hypertension (%) | 64.1 | 64.8 | 62.1 |
Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Ischemic heart disease (%) | 19.1 | 19.1 | 19.2 |
Myocardial Infarction (%) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
Stroke (%) | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.1 |
Other cerebrovascular disease (%) | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 7.6 | 7.4 | 8.1 |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.3 |
Chronic renal failure (%) | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
Atrial fibrillation or flutter (%) | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 |
Dementia (%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Alcohol abuse (%) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
Drug Abuse (%) | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.5 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder (%) | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.8 |
Depression (%) | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.7 |
Schizophrenia (%) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
Other mental illness (%) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
Warfarin (%) | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.4 |
NPH insulin usage (%) | 9.0 | 9.7 | 7.3 |