Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort by disability transition strata (n = 369)

Age (years) [mean,SD]

79 (7.5)

80 (7.3)

82 (7.8)

81 (7.7)

Female [n, (%)]

72 (73%)

79 (71%)

103 (65%)

254 (69%)

Income level [n, (%)]

level 1

6 (6%)

3 (3%)

4 (3%)

13 (4%)

level 2

26 (26%)

17 (15%)

24 (15%)

67 (18%)

level 3

11 (11%)

19 (17%)

20 (13%)

50 (14%)

level 4

47 (47%)

62 (55%)

98 (62%)

207 (56%)

level 5

4 (4%)

5 (4%)

7 (4%)

16 (4%)

level 6

5 (5%)

6 (5%)

5 (3%)

16 (4%)

Type of LTC Services [n, (%)]

commuting services

42 (43%)

57 (51%)

81 (51%)

180 (49%)

in-home services

34 (34%)

32 (29%)

34 (22%)

100 (27%)

mixed

23 (23%)

23 (20%)

43 (27%)

89 (24%)

Number of LTC Services (monthly) [n, (%)]

1 service

67 (68%)

78 (70%)

88 (56%)

233 (63%)

2 services

24 (24%)

27 (24%)

55 (35%)

106 (29%)

3+ services

8 (8%)

7 (6%)

15 (9%)

30 (8%)

Utilization of LTC Services(days/month) [mean,SD]

commuting services

6.9 (6.23)

8.4 (5.26)

9.3 (4.35)

8.5 (5.18)

in-home services

18.4 (11.12)

19.2 (11.86)

24.2 (18.36)

20.7 (14.30)

mixed

27.2 (13.23)

26.6 (11.34)

25.3 (12.08)

26.1 (12.09)

Utilization Rate of Benefits [mean,SD]

0.324 (0.188)

0.361 (0.229)

0.472 (0.228)

0.399 (0.228)

Length-of stay in LTCI system (months)

(mean, [SD])

40 (17.32)

29 (16.82)

38 (17.06)

36 (17.62)

(median; [min,max])

39 (9–72)

26 (6–69)

37 (6–72)

34 (6–72)

Length-of stay in Care Level 1 (months)

(mean, [SD])

17 (13.83)

21 (12.93)

14 ( 10.93)

17 (12.72)

(median, [ min,max])

12 (3–61)

19 (5–61)

10 ( 3–48)

14 (3–61)