Quasi-experimental trial of diabetes Self-Management Automated and Real-Time Telephonic Support (SMARTSteps) in a Medicaid managed care plan: study protocol

Table 2 Baseline characteristics in SMARTSteps, a quasi-experimental evaluation trial of a language-concordant automated telephone diabetes self-management health plan intervention

Characteristic	Enrolled (N = 362)	Declined (N = 160)	p-value	Non-Contacted (N = 168)	p-value
Age in years, mean +/- SD	54.8 (8.4)	56.2 (9.2)	0.03	54.5 (10.9)	0.93
Female, n (%)	258 (71.3)	98 (61.3)	0.02	111 (66.1)	0.23
Race/ethnicity, n (%)			< 0.01		0.10
Asian	212 (58.6)	97 (60.6)		84 (50.0)
Black/African-American	25 (6.9)	9 (5.6)		18 (10.7)
White/Caucasian	34 (9.4)	31 (19.4)		20 (11.9)
Latino/Hispanic	81 (22.4)	16 (10.0)		38 (22.6)
Native American/Eskimo	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)		2 (1.2)
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	3 (0.8)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Other	5 (1.4)	6 (3.8)		5 (3.0)
Unknown	1 (0.3)	1 (0.6)		1 (0.6)
Language, n (%)			< 0.01		< 0.01
English	121 (33.4)	81 (50.6)		95 (56.5)
Spanish	61 (16.9)	6 (3.8)		22 (13.1)
Cantonese	180 (49.7)	73 (45.6)		51 (30.4)
Financial Class - Insurance Type, n (%)			0.83		0.04
Healthy Worker	255 (70.6)	112 (70.0)		95 (56.5)
Medicaid	82 (22.7)	35 (21.9)		53 (31.6)
Medicare	16 (4.4)	9 (5.6)		10 (6.0)
Healthy San Francisco	5 (1.4)	2 (1.3)		6 (3.6)
Uninsured	3 (0.8)	1 (0.6)		3 (1.8)
Commercial	0 (0.0)	1 (0.6)		1 (0.6)
Healthy Kids	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Cardiometabolic Indicators, mean +/- SD
Hemoglobin A1c	7.7 (1.6)	7.6 (1.5)	0.09	7.9 (1.9)	0.82
Systolic blood pressure	128.6 (17.6)	128.8 (16.7)	0.80	131.6 (19.2)	0.38
Diastolic blood pressure	74.7 (11.2)	75.2 (11.0)	0.48	75.6 (10.2)	0.31
Low-density lipoprotein	95.0 (30.6)	95.0 (34.3)	0.99	105.2 (34.0)	< 0.01

* All p-values were derived from chi-square tests for categorical variables, t-tests for interval variables if normally distributed and Wilcoxon tests if interval variables not normally distributed (age and cardiometabolic indicators).
† P-values for race/ethnicity were calculated based on categories of Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African-American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Other/Unknown, and White/Caucasian.
‡P-values for financial class were calculated based on categories of Healthy Worker/Healthy San Francisco, Medicaid (Community Alternatives Program or Fee-For-Service), Medicare, and Commercial/Uninsured.

ISSN: 1472-6963