| Service component | Dementia patients (n = 9,147) | Non-demented control subjects (n = 29.741) | p-values | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Users (as a %) | Cost per user (in €) | Users (as a %) | Cost per user (in €) | p 1 probability of service use | p 2 cost per user |
Approach 1 one-step model | Costs of formal care* | 100.0 | 12,343 | 96.5 | 4,034 | / | <0.0001 |
 |  Health insurance expenditures* | 100.0 | 5,813 | 96.4 | 3,256 | / | <0.0001 |
 |  Medication | 99.5 | 1,312 | 93.5 | 671 | / | <0.0001 |
 |  including anti-dementia drugs (two-step) | 15.2 | 764 | 0.0 | 0 |  |  |
 |  General practitioner | 99.4 | 641 | 93.7 | 367 | / | <0.0001 |
Approach 2 two-part model |  Medical specialist | 81.4 | 517 | 81.0 | 524 | 0.0009 | 0.47 |
 |  Hospital treatment | 42.5 | 5,504 | 28.2 | 4,697 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
 |  Non-physician services | 27.0 | 720 | 21.6 | 390 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
 |  Medical aids | 65.2 | 538 | 35.6 | 293 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
 |  Home health care | 17.0 | 2,254 | 6.3 | 2,118 | <0.0001 | 0.14 |
 |  Rehabilitation | 4.8 | 3,416 | 4.8 | 3,135 | 0.9 | 0.0036 |
 |  Long-term care services | 66.0 | 9,918 | 12.9 | 5,483 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |