Male responsibility and maternal morbidity: a cross-sectional study in two Nigerian states

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of non-fatal maternal morbidity risk factors

	OR unadjusted	Mantel Haenszel analysis with cluster adjustment		GEE with exchangeable correlation matrix
		OR¹adjusted	Cluster adjusted 95%CI	OR²	Robust 95%CI
Bauchi				n
With check-up after delivery		n=1137		n=1307
FGM	2.13	2.1	1.39-3.17	1.93	1.35-2.77
4+ pregnancies	1.49	1.48	1.15-1.90	1.46	1.14-1.87
No check-up after delivery		n=5196		n=6005
Did not speak primarily with husband	1.35	1.41	1.21-1.67	ns
Physical IPV in pregnancy	2.15	2.15	1.43-3.24	2.12	1.41-3.18
Unqualified birth attendant	1.59	1.61	1.23-2.13	1.48	1.17-1.86
Insufficient food last week	1.68	1.66	1.22-2.26	1.46	1.14-1.86
4+ pregnancies	1.26	1.24	1.05-1.48	1.28	1.08-1.51
Less than 4 ANC check-ups	1.24	ns	ns	1.24	1.05-1.46
Cross River
With check-up after delivery		n=2201		n=2307
IPV last year	1.6	1.56	1.20-2.03	1.58	1.24-2.02
FGM	1.28	1.29	1.10-1.51	1.3	1.12-1.50
Did not speak primarily with husband	1.28	1.31	1.11-1.55	1.25	1.07-1.48
Crowded home (>2/room)	1.27	1.27	1.07-1.51	1.27	1.07-1.51
Formal employment	1.25	1.22	1.01-1.49	ns	ns
No check-up after delivery		n=4221		n=4856
IPV last year	1.5	1.43	1.24-1.65	1.3	1.10-1.54
FGM	1.2	1.19	1.03-1.37	ns	ns
Physical IPV in pregnancy		ns	ns	1.37	1.09-1.74
Unqualified birth attendant	1.33	1.22	1.05-1.41	ns	ns
Insufficient food last week	1.42	1.32	1.15-1.53	1.28	1.10-1.48
Aged 18-35 years	1.32	1.3	1.06-1.59	1.39	1.14-1.71
Did not reduce workload	1.26	1.21	1.08-1.35	1.14	1.02-1.27

¹Odds Ratio for the association between the variable and maternal morbidity, adjusted for all other variables in the final multivariate model. The initial model was based on the covariates in Table 2
²An identical modelling process served for GEE
ns = not statistically significant at the 5% level

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