Table 4 Multilevel linear regression of outpatient contacts of schizophrenia patients, N = 1097
Unadjusted model estimate | Adjusted model estimate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | SE | t | P value | Coef. | SE | t | P value | |
Sex (male) | 0.17 | 0.06 | 2.69 | 0.00** | 0.00 | 0.05 | -0.04 | 0.97 |
Age (years) | -0.52 | 0.10 | -5.10 | 0.00** | -0.12 | 0.11 | -1.15 | 0.25 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Single # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Married/with partner | -0.45 | 0.08 | -5.80 | 0.00** | -0.04 | 0.09 | -0.42 | 0.67 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | -0.20 | 0.09 | -2.09 | 0.04** | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.95 |
Employment status | ||||||||
Employed # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Unemployed | 0.27 | 0.11 | 2.27 | 0.02** | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.30 | 0.76 |
Student | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.89 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.87 |
Looking after family or home | -0.18 | 0.14 | -1.27 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 1.30 | 0.19 |
Not working, receiving welfare benefits | 0.34 | 0.09 | 3.64 | 0.00** | 0.19 | 0.08 | 2.34 | 0.02** |
Other | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.41 | 0.68 | -0.03 | 0.10 | -0.30 | 0.76 |
Level of education | ||||||||
Primary School # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Secondary School | 0.27 | 0.08 | 3.42 | 0.00** | 0.11 | 0.06 | 1.68 | 0.09 |
No formal education and illiterate | 0.32 | 0.09 | 3.57 | 0.00** | 0.17 | 0.46 | 2.29 | 0.02** |
Higher education (Bachelor's degree) | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.98 | 1.07 | 0.28 |
Type of living arrangement | ||||||||
Original family/other relatives or friends # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Own family | -0.38 | 0.08 | -4.95 | 0.00** | -0.01 | 0.09 | -0.18 | 0.86 |
Alone | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.52 | 0.60 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 1.96 | 0.05 |
Sheltered accommodation | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.96 |
Homeless | -0.15 | 0.24 | -0.62 | 0.54 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 1.17 | 0.24 |
Residence catchment area | ||||||||
Centro # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Guadalmedina | -0.07 | 0.12 | -0.56 | 0.57 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.64 | 0.52 |
Outside study area | -0.32 | 0.17 | -1.87 | 0.06 | -0.17 | 0.10 | -1.80 | 0.07 |
Residence municipality by rurality factorÇ | ||||||||
Malaga (city) (-1.78: less rurality) # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Rincón de la Victoria (-1.78) | -0.19 | 0.18 | -1.04 | 0.30 | -0.18 | 10.00 | -1.68 | 0.09 |
Other villages (-1.59 to - 0.61: more rurality) | -0.38 | 0.18 | -2.03 | 0.04** | -0.24 | 0.13 | -1.82 | 0.07 |
Outside area | -0.31 | 0.15 | -2.09 | 0.04** | Omitted& | |||
Clinical diagnoses (ICD-10) | ||||||||
F20 Schizophrenia # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
F22 Persistent delusional disorders | -0.51 | 0.08 | -6.00 | 0.00** | -0.15 | 0.07 | -2.03 | 0.04** |
F23 Acute and transient psychotic disorders | -0.07 | 0.11 | -0.61 | 0.54 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 1.11 | 0.27 |
F25 Schizoaffective disorders | 0.20 | 0.12 | 1.68 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.62 | 0.54 |
F21,F24,F28 Y F29 @ | -0.28 | 0.15 | -1.84 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.12 | -0.54 | 0.59 |
Global Level of Severity | ||||||||
Level I (less severity) # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Level II | 0.40 | 0.70 | 5.64 | 0.00** | 0.23 | 0.61 | 3.78 | 0.00** |
Level III | 0.97 | 0.11 | 8.87 | 0.00** | 0.45 | 0.94 | 4.79 | 0.00** |
Level IV (more severity) | 0.74 | 0.21 | 3.48 | 0.00** | 0.35 | 0.18 | 1.92 | 0.06 |
Type of professional who attended patients | ||||||||
Only psychiatrists # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Only nurses | 0.22 | 0.10 | 2.18 | 0.03** | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.81 |
Both (psychiatrists and nurses) | 1.31 | 0.53 | 24.98 | 0.00** | 1.09 | 0.06 | 19.56 | 0.00** |
Other professionals | -0.78 | 0.29 | -2.65 | 0.01** | -0.91 | 0.29 | -3.10 | 0.00** |
Psychiatrist who attended patients | ||||||||
C # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
B | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.99 | -0.08 | 0.10 | -0.76 | 0.45 |
L | -0.29 | 0.20 | -1.47 | 0.14 | -0.30 | 0.16 | -1.90 | 0.06 |
H | 0.26 | 0.14 | 1.81 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 1.14 | 0.26 |
E | -0.42 | 0.14 | -3.00 | 0.00** | -0.50 | 0.11 | -4.49 | 0.00** |
D | -0.15 | 0.15 | -0.99 | 0.32 | -0.20 | 0.12 | -1.71 | 0.09 |
K | -0.36 | 0.20 | -1.79 | 0.07 | -0.25 | 0.16 | -1.61 | 0.11 |
F | -0.22 | 0.15 | -1.42 | 0.16 | -0.35 | 0.12 | -2.83 | 0.00** |
G | -0.28 | 0.15 | -1.81 | 0.07 | -0.19 | 0.13 | -1.49 | 0.14 |
I | -0.36 | 0.20 | -1.78 | 0.08 | -0.40 | 0.14 | -2.78 | 0.00** |
A | -0.37 | 0.14 | -2.63 | 0.01** | -0.26 | 0.11 | -2.32 | 0.02** |
J | -0.36 | 0.19 | -1.92 | 0.06 | -0.16 | 0.16 | -1.00 | 0.32 |
M | -0.17 | 0.23 | -0.75 | 0.45 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.41 | 0.68 |
Number of inpatient psychiatric admissions | ||||||||
0 admissions # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
1 admission | 1.00 | 0.16 | 6.36 | 0.00** | 1.18 | 0.36 | 3.25 | 0.00** |
2+ admissions | 1.26 | 0.20 | 6.43 | 0.00** | 1.12 | 0.29 | 3.88 | 0.00** |
Number of readmissions | ||||||||
0 admissions, 0 readmissions # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Any inpatient admission, 0 readmissions | 1.04 | 0.14 | 7.53 | 0.00** | -0.45 | 0.30 | -1.53 | 0.12 |
Any inpatient admission, 1+ readmissions | 1.33 | 0.27 | 4.92 | 0.00** | Omitted& | |||
Number of days in hospital | ||||||||
0 day # | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
<19 days | 1.07 | 0.15 | 7.06 | 0.00** | -0.26 | 0.21 | -1.25 | 0.21 |
19+ days | 1.16 | 0.21 | 5.55 | 0.00** | Omitted& | |||