Setting | Study | Quality assessment* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | No conflict of interest | Appropriate study design | Appropriate participant selection | Appropriate allocation concealment and blinding | Appropriate data collection methods used | Outcome attributable to intervention | Appropriate analysis |
ICU | Agarwal et al 2008 [3] | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | + |
 | Berenholtz et al 2004 [4] | ++ | + | ? | - | + | + | + |
 | Byrnes et al 2009 [5] | ++ | + | ? | ? | + | ++ | ? |
 | Narasimhan et al 2006 [6] | ? | + | ? | ? | + | + | ? |
 | Pronovost et al 2003 [7] | ? | + | ? | ? | + | + | ? |
ED | Gokula et al 2007 [8] | ? | + | + | ? | + | + | + |
 | Romagnuolo et al 2005 [9] | ? | + | ++ | ? | + | + | ++ |
Surgery | Haynes et al 2009 [10] | ++ | + | + | - | + | + | + |
Acute care | Weingarten Jr et al 2004 [11] | ? | + | + | ? | + | ? | ? |