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Table 2 Maternal characteristics and ecological determinants by obstetric service level (N = 49,402)

From: Distance matters: a population based study examining access to maternity services for rural women

Service Level

240+ minutes from services

120-240 minutes from services

60-120 minutes from services

Primary care

Mixed model

Specialist C/S Services

P-Value

Maternal characteristics

       

Average maternal age

27.23

27.25

28.65

27.81

27.67

28.65

< 0.001

% Nulliparous women

36.8

36.7

38.6

38.4

40.9

42.6

< 0.001

Antepartum hemorrhage at or > 20 wks (%)

0.8

0.8

1.9

1.1

1.2

1.0

0.037

Pregnancy induced hypertension (%)

3.8

4.7

3.8

4.4

4.5

4.5

0.732

Preexisting and/or gestational diabetes (%)

2.4

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.5

4.1

< 0.001

Smoking during pregnancy (%)

20.6

16.5

16.5

20.3

18.0

17.9

< 0.001

Alcohol use during pregnancy (%)

6.5

3.2

1.5

1.3

1.7

1.6

< 0.001

Ecological determinants

       

Catchment level social vulnerability-1 to +1 [30]

0.33

0.30

0.10

0.23

- 0.002

0.12

< 0.001

Catchment proportion of Aboriginal people

0.42

0.23

0.30

0.13

0.08

0.05

< 0.001