Table 4 Multilevel weighted regression estimates for use of preventive and curative care.
From: Assessing the context of health care utilization in Ecuador: A spatial and multilevel analysis
Use of preventive carea | Curative Care Visits | ||
|---|---|---|---|
First health problema | Second health problema, b | ||
Parameters | |||
Constant | -2.161 | -1.457 | -4.470 |
Provider measures | |||
Public practice physicians | 0.044 (0.035) | ||
Private practice physicians | 0.034 (0.007)*** | 0.042 (0.013)*** | |
Public practice health personnel | 0.009 (0.006) | -0.015 (0.002)*** | -0.018 (0.005)*** |
Private practice health personnel | -0.010 (0.009) | ||
Predisposing factors | |||
Age | -0.015 (0.002)*** | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.017 (0.003)*** |
Female | 0.314 (0.042)** | 0.114 (0.030)*** | 0.273 (0.046)*** |
Indigenous | -0.238 (0.196) | -0.385 (0.080)*** | |
Other ethnicity | 0.140 (0.074)* | -0.266 (0.077)*** | |
Living w/partner | 0.024 (0.070) | -0.212 (0.074)*** | -0.074 (0.113) |
Separated/divorced | -0.182 (0.135) | -0.055 (0.057) | -0.004 (0.122) |
Widow | 0.223 (0.088)** | 0.076 (0.062) | 0.378 (0.146)** |
Single | -0.217 (0.061)*** | -0.281 (0.055)*** | -0.347 (0.069)*** |
Enabling factors | |||
Rural | -0.079 (0.164) | -0.280 (0.086)*** | -0.443 (0.127)*** |
Assets quintile 1 | -0.918 (0.115)*** | -0.059 (0.106) | |
Assets quintile 2 | -0.443 (0.100)*** | 0.114 (0.126) | |
Assets quintile 3 | -0.235 (0.068)*** | 0.147 (0.094) | |
Assets quintile 4 | -0.249 (0.053)*** | 0.143 (0.065)** | |
Consumption quintile 1 | -0.710 (0.100)*** | -0.497 (0.056)*** | |
Consumption quintile 2 | -0.585 (0.088)*** | -0.295 (0.046)*** | |
Consumption quintile 3 | -0.434 (0.072)*** | -0.221 (0.052)*** | |
Consumption quintile 4 | -0.182 (0.078)** | -0.100 (0.049)** | |
No education | 0.697 (0.081)*** | 1.211 (0.073)*** | 1.036 (0.201)*** |
Elementary school | -0.021 (0.074) | 0.473 (0.054)*** | 0.460 (0.152)*** |
High school | 0.033 (0.067) | 0.184 (0.033)*** | 0.136 (0.157) |
Doesn't know/answer | 0.087 (0.572) | -0.218 (0.458) | 0.741 (0.829) |
Uninsured | -0.425 (0.059)*** | -0.279 (0.033)*** | -0.346 (0.072)*** |
Need | |||
One health problem | -0.038 (0.035) | N/A | N/A |
Two health problems | 0.113 (0.084) | N/A | N/A |
Interaction terms | |||
Public practice physicians * Rural | -0.035 (0.025) | ||
Private practice physicians * Rural | -0.013 (0.007)* | -0.017 (0.013) | |
Public practice health personnel * Rural | 0.018 (0.005)*** | 0.008 (0.003)*** | 0.006 (0.006) |
Private practice health personnel * Rural | -0.010 (0.009) | ||
Random parameters | |||
Level 4: province/region | 0.031 (0.016)* | 0.016 (0.007)** | 0.117 (0.086) |
Level 3: census segment | 0.081 (0.025)*** | 0.071 (0.012)*** | 0.161 (0.056)*** |
Level 2: household | 2.351 (0.452)*** | 0.661 (0.062)*** | 1.941 (1.281) |